[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-125735-en":3,"doc-seo-125735-105":29,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":90},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":4,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":20,"is_downloadable":20,"audit_status":20,"page_count":11,"language":21,"language_code":22,"site_id":23,"html_lang":22,"table_of_contents":24,"faqs":25,"seo_title":26,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":27,"read_time":28},125735,1649267921044,"Ava Thompson","https://us-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/1800007509477c92dfb?_k=1782875107921204101",8,"Research & Report","Machine Learning Application for Carbon Estimation - A Case Study","Climate change is addressed through a carbon dioxide–focused study across two Indian locations: Visakhapatnam district (AP) and Shastri Nagar (RJ), covering April 2022 to January 2023. Hourly and monthly CO2 patterns are analyzed across seasons—summer (April), rainy (July), and winter (December)—in relation to other key pollutants such as NO2, PM2.5, and PM10. Air quality in both zones is described as highly polluted and risky for humans. Regression-based machine learning models produce efficient, reliable results for each season and location.","MACHINE LEARNING APPLICATION FOR CARBON ESTIMATION –  \nA CASE STUDY  \nPrisilla Jayanthi1,*, Iyyanki Muralikrishna2  \n1 Ecole Centrale School of Engineering, Mahindra University, Hyderabad, [India. prisillaj28@gmail.com](India. prisillaj28@gmail.com)[ ](India. prisillaj28@gmail.com)2India Academic Programs Director, UC Berkeley, [India. iyyanki@gmail.com](India. iyyanki@gmail.com)  \nKEY WORDS: Regression models, Climate Change, Carbon monoxide, Carbon dioxide, Air Quality Index  \nABSTRACT  \nClimate change is a most global challenging issue. In this regard, a study on carbon dioxide, one of the pollutants causing the climate change is demonstrated in two different states of India viz., Visakhapatnam district (AP) and Shastri Nagar (RJ) for the period of April 2022 to January 2023. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is experiential on hourly and monthly basis for different seasons – summer (April), rainy (July) and winter (December). Most of air pollutants include NO2, CO2, PM2.5, PM 10 etc. that are the major cause for climate change. The air quality in these zones is very poor, highly polluted and risk to humans. The study proved that CO2 is found comparatively low in rainy season over other. The machine learning regression models were modelled for Visakhapatnam and best models obtained are 1. Step-wise Linear Regression model with MSE (4.51E-28), RMSE (2.12E-14) and R-Squared (1) identified for rainy month. 2. Neural Network Narrow model with MSE (0.462), RMSE (0.680) and RSquared (0.999) for winter month. 3. Linear Regression model with MSE (0.108), RMSE (0.329) and R-Squared (0.999) for summer. Similarly, the best models for Shastri Nagar for monthly data are 1. Step-wise Linear Regression with RMSE (20.292), MSE (411.774) and MAE (12.524) for April & May (summer), 2. Neural Network Narrow model had RMSE (3.399), MSE (11.554) and MAE (2.141) for July (rainy) . 3. Neural Network Bilayered model with RMSE (1.618), MSE (2.619) and MAE (0.593) for November & December (winter) . The results obtained were very efficient and reliable.  \n1. INTRODUCTION  \nGlobal warming is caused by hasty increase in carbon dioxide and other GHG produced by burning oil, gas, coal, fossil, industries and so on. Global warming further causes climate change, one of major issue world-wide. Abnormal climate change brings disaster and harm to humankind (Zhao, 2019) . Thereby, global warming is triggering changes in rains, snow patterns and rising sea levels (Letcher, 2021) . Thus, one have to build low-carbon and resilient cities to lower the global warming (Lee, 2013 & Yoro, 2020) and protect the planet. The huge impact on global warming is due to high emission of CO2. The transport and industry sector are significant contributor for CO2 emission (Lee, 2013 & Yoro, 2020) and carbon monoxide (CO) (Wang, 2021) . Vehicles produce CO2 from engine combustion that is harmful carbon monoxide (CO) from incomplete combustion to CO2 (Wang, 2021) . CO2 and CH4 are significant emitters for GHG effect (Chapman, 1996) . Furthermore, CO poisoning leads to long-term neurological (Rose, 2017); and cardiovascular diseases (Wang, 2021) . In atmosphere, high temperature sensitivity results due to weak CO2 adsorption of pure carbonaceous materials (Kanjilal, 2020) . Let’s ponder on few remarkable reasons for emission of CO2.  \nFirstly, ICT contributes 1.8% to 2.8% of global GHG emissions to environmental pollution, global warming and ultimately climate change. Research indicates the carbon footprint is produced by production and use-phase electricity consumption (Sutton-Parker, 2022) . All analysts agree that ICT emissions will not reduce without the  \ndetermined efforts of political and industrial (Freitag, 2021) .  \nSecondly, carbon credit trading (Chonde, 2016) is for controlling and reducing GHG emission that contributes to global climate change (Robinson, 2006) . CO2 is a concern that happens to be most important GHG produced by combustion of fuels. The other gases emitted from indus","cbCaihd2R4HWOtWG","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaihd2R4HWOtWG","pdf",1395108,1,"English","en",105,"# Introduction\n# Discussion and Results","[{\"question\":\"What locations and time period does the case study cover for CO2 analysis?\",\"answer\":\"The study analyzes CO2 in Visakhapatnam district (AP) and Shastri Nagar (RJ) from April 2022 to January 2023.\"},{\"question\":\"Which pollutants are considered alongside CO2 in the analysis?\",\"answer\":\"The document highlights pollutants including NO2, CO2, PM2.5, and PM10, which are linked to climate change and air quality degradation.\"},{\"question\":\"Which machine learning regression models are reported as best performers, and for which seasons?\",\"answer\":\"Best models include step-wise linear regression, neural network narrow, and linear/neural variants, with specific MSE, RMSE, and R-squared values reported for rainy, winter, and summer periods for each location.\"}]","Machine Learning Application for Carbon Estimation - A Case Study | PDF",1785900922,20,{"code":4,"msg":30,"data":31},"ok",{"site_id":23,"language":22,"slug":32,"title":13,"keywords":33,"description":14,"schema_data":34,"social_meta":85,"head_meta":87,"extra_data":89,"updated_unix":27},"machine-learning-application-for-carbon-estimation-a-case-study","",{"@graph":35,"@context":84},[36,53,67],{"@type":37,"itemListElement":38},"BreadcrumbList",[39,43,47,50],{"item":40,"name":41,"@type":42,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":44,"name":45,"@type":42,"position":46},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":48,"name":12,"@type":42,"position":49},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":51,"name":13,"@type":42,"position":52},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/machine-learning-application-for-carbon-estimation-a-case-study/125735/",4,{"url":51,"name":13,"@type":54,"author":55,"headline":13,"publisher":57,"fileFormat":60,"inLanguage":22,"description":14,"dateModified":61,"datePublished":61,"encodingFormat":60,"isAccessibleForFree":62,"interactionStatistic":63},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":56},"Person",{"url":40,"name":58,"@type":59},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-08-05",true,{"@type":64,"interactionType":65,"userInteractionCount":4},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":66},"ViewAction",{"@type":68,"mainEntity":69},"FAQPage",[70,76,80],{"name":71,"@type":72,"acceptedAnswer":73},"What locations and time period does the case study cover for CO2 analysis?","Question",{"text":74,"@type":75},"The study analyzes CO2 in Visakhapatnam district (AP) and Shastri Nagar (RJ) from April 2022 to January 2023.","Answer",{"name":77,"@type":72,"acceptedAnswer":78},"Which pollutants are considered alongside CO2 in the analysis?",{"text":79,"@type":75},"The document highlights pollutants including NO2, CO2, PM2.5, and PM10, which are linked to climate change and air quality degradation.",{"name":81,"@type":72,"acceptedAnswer":82},"Which machine learning regression models are reported as best performers, and for which seasons?",{"text":83,"@type":75},"Best models include step-wise linear regression, neural network narrow, and linear/neural variants, with specific MSE, RMSE, and R-squared values reported for rainy, winter, and summer periods for each location.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":51,"og:type":86,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":58,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":88,"canonical":51},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":23},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":91},[92,96,100,104,109,114,119,122,126,129,133],{"id":20,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":97,"show_sort_weight":98,"slug":99},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":101,"show_sort_weight":102,"slug":103},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":105,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":106,"show_sort_weight":107,"slug":108},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":110,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":111,"show_sort_weight":112,"slug":113},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":115,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":116,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":118},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":120,"slug":121},30,"research-report",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":28,"slug":125},9,"Religion & Spirituality","religion-spirituality",{"id":28,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":127,"show_sort_weight":28,"slug":128},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":130,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":131,"show_sort_weight":130,"slug":132},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":134,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":135,"show_sort_weight":105,"slug":136},19,"General","general"]