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Traces Alexander’s campaigns through key battles and the creation of an empire that spread Greek culture widely. Covers major impacts on world history, foundations such as Alexandria and its scholarly library, Hellenistic science and thinkers, and developments in art, architecture, philosophy, and literature. Concludes with the decline of Hellenistic civilization and Roman-era legacy.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":15,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/literature/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/macedonia-alexander-the-great-and-the-hellenistic-world-613289/613289/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/macedonia-alexander-the-great-and-the-hellenistic-world-613289/613289.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Rizky","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-23","2026-10-19",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":81},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"How did Alexander the Great come to power in Macedonia?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Philip II was killed by companions of Alexander, and Alexander came to the throne at age 20.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What major cultural changes did Alexander promote across his empire?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"He spread Greek culture beyond the Greeks through actions such as establishing cities, encouraging soldiers to marry Persian wives, and settling Greeks across the empire, which contributed to a Hellenistic mix of cultures.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What factors contributed to the decline of Hellenistic civilization?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The handout attributes the decline to concentrated wealth and power, reliance on slavery with limited opportunities for free persons, continuous warfare among city-states, and vulnerability to Roman conquest.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},613289,1792649968,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":14,"category_name":15,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":81,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":29,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":44},962085564807,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","Slide 1  \nSlide 2  \nSlide 3  \nMacedonia, Alexander the Great, and the Hellenistic World  \n© Student Handouts, Inc.  \nMacedonia  \n• Macedonians were culturally and ethnically related to the Greeks  \n– Actually looked upon as sort of “barbarian cousins” by the Greeks of Athens, Sparta, etc.  \n• King Philip II of Macedonia  \n– Expanded his territory north to the Danube River and south into the Greek peninsula  \n– Conquered all city-states except Sparta by 338 B.C.E.  \n– Killed while planning to attack Persia (336 B.C. E. )  \nAlexander the Great  \n• Tutored by the philosopher Aristotle  \n• Precarious position because his mother was not Macedonian (making Alexander half Macedonian), and his father took a Macedonian as a new wife  \n• Wanted to conquer Persia like his father  \n• Wanted to spread Greek culture throughout the world  \nSlide 4  \nSlide 5  \nSlide 6  \nAlexander the Great  \n• Philip was killed by companions of Alexander  \n• Alexander came to the throne at age 20 (336  \nB.C. E.  \nAlexander the Great  \n• First put down local revolts, including destroying Thebes  \n• Invasion of Persia and beyond  \n– 35,000 troops  \n– Granicus (334 B.C. E. )  \n– Issus (333 B.C. E. )  \n– Arbela (331 B.C. E. )  \n– City-states along the Mediterranean  \n• Phoenician Tyre  \n– Egypt  \n• Founded Alexandria  \n– India  \n• Reached Indus River  \n– Set up capital in Babylon (located in modern-day Iraq) in 324  \nB.C. E.  \n• Died of a fever in 323 [B.C.E. at](B.C.E. at) age 33  \nSlide 7  \nSlide 8  \nSlide 9  \nAlexander’s Empire  \n• Fell apart after Alexander’s death  \n• Generals fought for control of empire  \n• Empire divided  \n– Egypt – Ptolemy  \n– Most of Asian empire – Seleucus  \n– Macedonia and Greece – Antigonus  \n• New dynasties ruled for hundreds of years until conquered by Rome  \nAlexander’s Impact on World History  \n• Spread Greek culture beyond the Greeks  \n– “Pan-Hellenism”  \n– Founded numerous cities  \n– Married a daughter of Darius  \n• Encouraged his soldiers to take Persian wives  \n– Worshiped foreign gods and goddesses  \n• Recognized as foreign incarnations of Greek gods  \n– Encouraged trade throughout his empire  \n– Settled Greeks throughout his empire  \n• Greek culture became “Hellenistic” as it spread and mingled with other cultures  \n\n|  |\n| --- |\n| |\n|  |\n\nSlide 10  \nSlide 11  \nSlide 12  \nAlexandria, Egypt  \n• City in Egypt founded by, and named after, Alexander the Great  \n• Ptolemy came to rule Egypt after Alexander’s death  \n• Ptolemies built a university in Alexandria –“Library of Alexandria”  \n– Included 700,000 volumes written on papyrus  \n– Center of research and scholarship  \nHellenistic Science  \n• Many practical, useful inventions  \n• Euclid (lived circa 300 B.C. E. )  \n– Greek who lived and worked in Alexandria, Egypt  \n– “Father of Geometry”  \n• Theorems in plane geometry (“Euclidean geometry”)  \n• Archimedes (circa 287 B.C. E.-circa 212 B.C. E. )  \n– Greek who lived and worked in Sicily  \n– Principle of specific gravity  \n– Law of floating bodies  \n– Used levers, pulleys, and screws to build things such as catapults  \nHellenistic Science  \n• Eratosthenes (circa 276 B.C. E.-circa 195 B.C. E. )  \n– Greek born in modern-day Libya  \n– Geographer and librarian of Alexandria, Egypt  \n– Closely determined the earth’s diameter  \n– Measured earth’s distance from the sun with 99% accuracy  \n– Used lines of longitude and latitude on a map  \n– Believed earth is round  \n• One could sail India by sailing west  \n• Aristarchus of Samos (310 B.C. E.-circa 230 B.C. E. )  \n– Heliocentric model – first to advocate that the earth revolves around the sun  \n• Hipparchus (circa 190 B.C. E.-120 B.C. E. )  \n– Invented plane and spherical trigonometry  \n– Predicted eclipses of the moon and sun  \nSlide 13  \nSlide 14  \nSlide 15  \nHellenistic Art and  \nArchitecture  \n• Architecture  \n– Built many impressive public buildings  \n– Baths, libraries, palaces, theaters  \n– Pharos – lighthouse of  \nAlexandria – 400 feet high  \n• Art  \n– More lifelike – showed more","cbCaivQpu8qgkrw6","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaivQpu8qgkrw6","pdf",561486,"English","# Macedonia, Alexander the Great, and the Hellenistic World\n## Macedonia\n## Alexander the Great\n## Alexander’s Empire\n## Alexander’s Impact on World History\n## Alexandria, Egypt\n## Hellenistic Science\n## Hellenistic Art and Architecture\n## Hellenistic Philosophy\n## Hellenistic Literature\n## Hellenistic Culture in the Roman World\n## Hellenistic Civilization Declines\n## Review Questions","[{\"question\":\"How did Alexander the Great come to power in Macedonia?\",\"answer\":\"Philip II was killed by companions of Alexander, and Alexander came to the throne at age 20.\"},{\"question\":\"What major cultural changes did Alexander promote across his empire?\",\"answer\":\"He spread Greek culture beyond the Greeks through actions such as establishing cities, encouraging soldiers to marry Persian wives, and settling Greeks across the empire, which contributed to a Hellenistic mix of cultures.\"},{\"question\":\"What factors contributed to the decline of Hellenistic civilization?\",\"answer\":\"The handout attributes the decline to concentrated wealth and power, reliance on slavery with limited opportunities for free persons, continuous warfare among city-states, and vulnerability to Roman conquest.\"}]","Macedonia, Alexander the Great, and the Hellenistic World | PDF",1792385113]