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The study examines Iranian high- and low-proficiency students’ AO in relation to listening comprehension within MALL contexts. Questionnaires and interviews provided quantitative and qualitative data, showing positive correlations between AO and MALL-driven listening and more favorable MALL attitudes among high-proficiency learners. Qualitative results further indicate proficiency shapes AO-oriented perceptions, informing implications for teachers and students.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":20,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/exam/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/low-vs-high-proficiency-students-attitudes-toward-academic-optimism-regarding-the-use-of-mobile-phones-for-listening-instruction-a-mixed-methods-study/581181/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/low-vs-high-proficiency-students-attitudes-toward-academic-optimism-regarding-the-use-of-mobile-phones-for-listening-instruction-a-mixed-methods-study/581181.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"River Wang","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-10","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":39},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What does the study examine regarding mobile phone use and listening instruction?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It explores Iranian high- and low-proficiency students’ academic optimism toward listening comprehension in MALL contexts, focusing on how learners perceive listening instruction supported by mobile phones.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How were data collected in the study?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The study used both quantitative and qualitative instruments, including questionnaires and interviews.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What main relationships were found between academic optimism and MALL listening?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Quantitative results showed that academic optimism and MALL-driven listening were positively correlated, and high-proficiency students reported more positive attitudes toward MALL in relation to their AO.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},581181,1792590035,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":19,"category_name":20,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":39,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},1099514067438,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/100002539ee87300030?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1780474512215547542","This is an open-access article distr ibuted under the terms of a ive m onAtt N Ar u - r - rib i i h likn on omme e eC 4.0  \nInternationa l ( CC BY-NC-SA 4 .0 ) l icense .  \nLow vs. High Proficiency Students’Attitudes Toward Academic Optimism Regarding the Use of Mobile Phones for Listening  \nInstruction: A Mixed Methods Study1  \nSara Afzali2, Neda Hedayat3, Neda Gharagozloo4  \nDepartment of English Language, VaP.C., Islamic Azad University, Varamin, Iran  \nAbstract  \nIn recent years, academic optimism (AO) has emerged as a significant variable that can positively influence students’learning outcomes. On the other hand, mobile assisted language learning (MALL) is now considered significant to education work around world. However, little research has explored students’ AO in MALL contexts. The current study explored Iranian high and low proficiency students’ AO in relation to listening comprehension in the context of MALL. Data were collected using quantitative and qualitative instruments such as questionnaires and interviews. The quantitative analysis of the data revealed that first, AO and MALL-driven listening were positively correlated and second, high proficiency students had more positive attitudes toward MALL in relation to their AO. The analysis of qualitative data indicated that proficiency level played a significant role in the students’ perceptions with highproficiency students being more AO-oriented than the low proficiency students. The study concludes with implications for teachers and students in developing students’ AO and listening comprehension, especially in MALL contexts.  \nResumen  \nEn los últimos años, el optimismo académico (AO) ha emergido como una variable significativa que puede influir positivamente en los resultados de aprendizaje de los estudiantes. Por otro lado, el aprendizaje de idiomas asistido por dispositivos móviles (MALL) ahora se considera importante para el trabajo educativo en todo el mundo. Sin embargo, poca investigación ha explorado el AO del estudiante en contextos MALL. El estudio actual exploró el AO del estudiante iraní de alto y bajo dominio en relación con la comprensión auditiva en el contexto de MALL. Los datos serecopilaron utilizando instrumentos cuantitativos y cualitativos como cuestionarios y entrevistas. El análisis cuantitativo de los datos reveló que, en primer lugar, el AO y la escucha impulsada por MALL estaban correlacionados positivamente y, en segundo lugar, los estudiantes de alto dominio tenían actitudes más positivas hacia MALL en relación con su AO. El análisis de los datos cualitativos indicó que el nivel de dominio jugó un papel significativo en las percepciones de los estudiantes, ya que los estudiantes de alto dominio estaban más orientados al AO que los estudiantes de bajo dominio. El estudio concluye con implicaciones para los maestros y estudiantes en el desarrollo del AO y la comprensión auditiva de los estudiantes, especialmente en contextos MALL.  \nIntroduction  \nAcademic Optimism (AO) is defined by Hoy et al. (2006) as a collective set of beliefs regarding the strengths, capabilities, and potential achievements of an educational community. Optimism acts as the overarching component that aligns collective efficacy, academic emphasis, and trust within the learning environment. Including this construct at the core of instructional processes allows learners to develop higher confidence and more goal-directed engagement, particularly in language learning contexts. These three components have been considered central to improving student learning outcomes by specifically drawing on the potentials of students, teachers, and parents even in circumstances that bear low socioeconomic statuses (e.g., Galindo & Sanders, 2021; Horner et al., 2019; Hoy et al., 2006) . Central to this line of research is how collective efforts come to define students’ achievement. Hoy et al. (2006) emphasized that context is a key determinant in shaping students' academic achievement","cbCaiaZkTADzzrEn","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiaZkTADzzrEn","pdf",544402,11,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n## Academic optimism and learning outcomes\n## MALL and the role of listening\n## Proficiency and learner perceptions","[{\"question\":\"What does the study examine regarding mobile phone use and listening instruction?\",\"answer\":\"It explores Iranian high- and low-proficiency students’ academic optimism toward listening comprehension in MALL contexts, focusing on how learners perceive listening instruction supported by mobile phones.\"},{\"question\":\"How were data collected in the study?\",\"answer\":\"The study used both quantitative and qualitative instruments, including questionnaires and interviews.\"},{\"question\":\"What main relationships were found between academic optimism and MALL listening?\",\"answer\":\"Quantitative results showed that academic optimism and MALL-driven listening were positively correlated, and high-proficiency students reported more positive attitudes toward MALL in relation to their AO.\"}]","Low vs. High Proficiency Students’ Attitudes Toward Academic Optimism Regarding the Use of Mobile Phones for Listening Instruction - A Mixed Methods Study | PDF",1792039000,28]