[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-38627-en":3,"doc-seo-38627-105":29,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":90},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":4,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":20,"is_downloadable":20,"audit_status":20,"page_count":21,"language":22,"language_code":23,"site_id":24,"html_lang":23,"table_of_contents":25,"faqs":26,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":27,"read_time":28},38627,1374391974585,"Genevieve","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c",8,"Research & Report","Low Intensity Conflicts in India: An Analysis","Low Intensity Conflicts in India: An Analysis by Lt Col Vivek Chadha examines low-intensity conflict (LIC) as a concept, its defining connotations, and the main forms and operations shaping LIC in India. The study analyzes key factors influencing LICs and the role of the armed forces, with detailed case studies spanning Jammu and Kashmir, the pre-1965 and Indo-Pak war context, Siachen, active insurgency, and Kargil, followed by Punjab and the North-East, including Assam–ULFA and related political-religious dynamics.","Low Intensity Conflicts in India  \nLow Intensity Conflicts in India  \nAn Analysis  \nLt Col Vivek Chadha  \nUnited Service Institution of India  \nSAGE Publications  \nNew Delhi 􀀁 Thousand Oaks 􀀁 London  \nCopyright © United Service Institution of India, 2005  \nAll rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilised in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.  \nFirst published in 2005 by  \nSage Publications India Pvt. Ltd  \nB-42, Panchsheel Enclave  \nNew Delhi 110 017  \nSage Publications Inc.  \n2455 Teller Road Thousand Oaks, California 91320  \nSage Publications Ltd  \n1 Oliver’s Yard, 55 City Road London EC1Y 1SP  \nPublished by Tejeshwar Singh for Sage Publications India Pvt Ltd, typeset in 9.5/11.5 ACaslon Regular at Excellent Laser Typesetters, Delhi and printed at Chaman Enterprises, New Delhi.  \nLibrary of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data  \nChadha, Vivek  \nLow intensity conflicts in India: an analysis / Vivek Chadha[p. cm](p. cm).  \nIncludes bibliographical references and index.  \n1. India—History—1947– 2. Low-intensity conflicts (Military science)—India.  \n3. India—History—Autonomy and independence movements. I. Title.  \nDS480 .84.C46 355.02'18'09540904—dc22 2004 2004019537  \nISBN: 0–7619–3325–5 (Pb) 81–7829–442–7 (India–Pb)  \nSage Production Team: Larissa Sayers, Rajib Chatterjee and Santosh Rawat  \nTo my parents  \n􀀁  \nContents  \nList of Figures 13  \nForeword by Late J.N. Dixit 14  \nPreface 16  \nAcknowledgements 18  \nChapter 1  \nINTRODUCTION 19  \nConnotation of LIC 21  \nForms of LIC 24  \nLIC Operations in India 26  \nFactors Influencing LICs 29  \nRole of the Armed Forces 30  \nPART I  \nJAMMU AND KASHMIR  \nChapter 2  \nKASHMIR—THE BEGINNING 35  \nBackground 35  \nHistorical Study 36  \nKashmiryat 40  \nDogra Rule and British Influence 41  \nThe Last Years of British Rule 42  \nThe Role of the British 48  \nChapter 3  \n1947–48 INDO-PAK CONFLICT 52  \nBackground 52  \nPreceding Events 57  \nThe Infringement Begins 62  \nThe Battle for Srinagar 64  \n8 Low Intensity Conflicts in India  \nCounter Offensive in Jammu Subdivision 69  \nThe Battle of Naoshera 72  \nJhangar and Rajauri 74  \nPakistan Officially in the Fray 75  \nUN Steps In 77  \nThe Intervening Years 80  \nChapter 4  \nLIC PRECEDING 1965 INDO-PAK WAR 85  \nEvents Leading to Conflict 85  \nFactors Leading to Conflict 87  \nWaters Tested 89  \nPlanning for Intrusion 90  \nThe Intrusion 91  \nSimmering Continues 93  \nEffects of the 1971 Indo-Pak War on Kashmir 93  \nKashmir Accord and the Return of Sheikh Abdullah 94  \nSheikh Abdullah 96  \nChapter 5  \nTHE SIACHEN IMBROGLIO 100  \nGeography 100  \nThe Dispute Takes Shape 101  \nIndian Planning and Execution 104  \nResolution of Conflict 105  \nChapter 6  \nACTIVE INSURGENCY 109  \nCauses of Conflict 109  \nImportance of Kashmir 117  \nThe Fuse is Lit 119  \nOperation Topac 123  \nA Period of Struggle 125  \nThe Tide Turns 133  \nPakistan Changes Stance 137  \nElections and After 138  \nChapter 7  \nKARGIL 140  \nPreceding Events 140  \nThe Geography of Kargil 142  \nWhy Kargil? 143  \nContents 9  \nThe Aggression 148  \nIndian Reaction 151  \nMashkoh–Dras Sub-sector 152  \nBatalik Sub-sector 153  \nTurtuk Sector–Sub-sector Haneef 154  \nPakistani Defeat 155  \nFrom Kargil till the Present 157  \nPART II  \nPUNJAB  \nChapter 8  \nPRE-INDEPENDENCE PERIOD 163  \nBackground 163  \nSikh Power Frittered Away 170  \nCommencement of British Rule 172  \nResurgence of Hinduism and Christianity 174  \nSikh Resurgence 174  \nSikh Militarism 177  \nRise of Sikh Political Activism 179  \nSikh Factionalism 183  \nChapter 9  \nPOST-INDEPENDENCE PERIOD 188  \nPolitico-Religious Mix 192  \nFactors Leading to Terrorism 194  \nSpiralling Terrorism 196  \nOperation Blue Star 200  \nRise in Violence 207  \nOperation Black Thunder 209  \nFinal Phase Begins 214  \nConclusion 217  \nPART III  \nTHE NORTH-EAST  \nChapter 10  \nASSAM—ULFA 221  \nBackground 221  \nHi","cbCaieAvLn2cWlf0","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaieAvLn2cWlf0","pdf",1753058,1,516,"English","en",105,"# Foreword\n# Preface\n# Acknowledgements\n# Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION\n## Connotation of LIC\n## Forms of LIC\n## LIC Operations in India\n## Factors Influencing LICs\n## Role of the Armed Forces\n# Part I JAMMU AND KASHMIR\n## Chapter 2 KASHMIR—THE BEGINNING\n## Chapter 3 1947–48 INDO-PAK CONFLICT\n## Chapter 4 LIC PRECEDING 1965 INDO-PAK WAR\n## Chapter 5 THE SIACHEN IMBROGLIO\n## Chapter 6 ACTIVE INSURGENCY\n## Chapter 7 KARGIL\n# Part II PUNJAB\n## Chapter 8 PRE-INDEPENDENCE PERIOD\n## Chapter 9 POST-INDEPENDENCE PERIOD\n# Part III THE NORTH-EAST\n## Chapter 10 ASSAM—ULFA","[{\"question\":\"What does the book mean by low-intensity conflict (LIC)?\",\"answer\":\"The introduction defines LIC through its connotation and outlines the forms LIC can take, then connects these forms to LIC operations in India.\"},{\"question\":\"Which regions and conflicts does the analysis cover?\",\"answer\":\"The structure focuses on Jammu and Kashmir (including the 1947–48 Indo-Pak conflict, pre-1965 conflict, Siachen, active insurgency, and Kargil), then extends to Punjab and the North-East, including Assam–ULFA.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the book explain factors influencing LICs and the role of the armed forces?\",\"answer\":\"It identifies factors influencing LICs and discusses the role of the armed forces as part of understanding how these conflicts are initiated, sustained, and managed across the case studies.\"}]",1783068994,1300,{"code":4,"msg":30,"data":31},"ok",{"site_id":24,"language":23,"slug":32,"title":13,"keywords":33,"description":14,"schema_data":34,"social_meta":85,"head_meta":87,"extra_data":89,"updated_unix":27},"low-intensity-conflicts-in-india-an-analysis","",{"@graph":35,"@context":84},[36,53,67],{"@type":37,"itemListElement":38},"BreadcrumbList",[39,43,47,50],{"item":40,"name":41,"@type":42,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":44,"name":45,"@type":42,"position":46},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":48,"name":12,"@type":42,"position":49},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":51,"name":13,"@type":42,"position":52},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/low-intensity-conflicts-in-india-an-analysis/38627/",4,{"url":51,"name":13,"@type":54,"author":55,"headline":13,"publisher":57,"fileFormat":60,"inLanguage":23,"description":14,"dateModified":61,"datePublished":61,"encodingFormat":60,"isAccessibleForFree":62,"interactionStatistic":63},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":56},"Person",{"url":40,"name":58,"@type":59},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-07-03",true,{"@type":64,"interactionType":65,"userInteractionCount":4},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":66},"ViewAction",{"@type":68,"mainEntity":69},"FAQPage",[70,76,80],{"name":71,"@type":72,"acceptedAnswer":73},"What does the book mean by low-intensity conflict (LIC)?","Question",{"text":74,"@type":75},"The introduction defines LIC through its connotation and outlines the forms LIC can take, then connects these forms to LIC operations in India.","Answer",{"name":77,"@type":72,"acceptedAnswer":78},"Which regions and conflicts does the analysis cover?",{"text":79,"@type":75},"The structure focuses on Jammu and Kashmir (including the 1947–48 Indo-Pak conflict, pre-1965 conflict, Siachen, active insurgency, and Kargil), then extends to Punjab and the North-East, including Assam–ULFA.",{"name":81,"@type":72,"acceptedAnswer":82},"How does the book explain factors influencing LICs and the role of the armed forces?",{"text":83,"@type":75},"It identifies factors influencing LICs and discusses the role of the armed forces as part of understanding how these conflicts are initiated, sustained, and managed across the case studies.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":51,"og:type":86,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":58,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":88,"canonical":51},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":24},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":91},[92,96,100,104,109,114,119,122,127,130,134],{"id":20,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":97,"show_sort_weight":98,"slug":99},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":101,"show_sort_weight":102,"slug":103},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":105,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":106,"show_sort_weight":107,"slug":108},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":110,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":111,"show_sort_weight":112,"slug":113},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":115,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":116,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":118},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":120,"slug":121},30,"research-report",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":125,"slug":126},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":125,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":125,"slug":129},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":131,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":132,"show_sort_weight":131,"slug":133},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":135,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":136,"show_sort_weight":105,"slug":137},19,"General","general"]