[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-458189-105":59,"doc-detail-458189-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":124,"head_meta":126,"extra_data":128,"updated_unix":130},105,"en","low-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol-drives-multinucleated-giant-cell-formation-in-response-to-mycobacterium-bovis-bacille-calmette-guerin","Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol drives multinucleated giant cell formation in response to mycobacterium bovis Bacille Calmette-Guérin","","Macrophages are central to tuberculosis pathogenesis, linking bacterial persistence and granuloma-driven tissue pathology to host metabolism. This study examined how cholesterol and lipoproteins modulate macrophage responses to mycobacteria, especially multinucleated giant cell (MGC) formation, a key granuloma component. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol enabled in vitro conversion of macrophage progenitors into MGCs independently of oxidation status. In contrast, a cholesterol-elevating lipid-rich diet did not enhance MGC potential in bone-marrow progenitors, indicating LDL promotes transformation through tissue lipid availability rather than bone-marrow priming.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/low-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol-drives-multinucleated-giant-cell-formation-in-response-to-mycobacterium-bovis-bacille-calmette-guerin/458189/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/low-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol-drives-multinucleated-giant-cell-formation-in-response-to-mycobacterium-bovis-bacille-calmette-guerin/458189.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Valentina","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-09-30",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",17,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What role do multinucleated giant cells (MGCs) play in tuberculosis?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"MGCs are key components of granulomas and are involved in containing mycobacteria during tuberculosis.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How does LDL cholesterol affect MGC formation in vitro?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"LDL cholesterol was essential for transforming macrophage progenitors into MGCs in vitro, and this effect was independent of the oxidation status of LDL.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"Why did a cholesterol-elevating lipid-rich diet fail to prime MGC formation?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"Although the diet increased blood cholesterol, it did not prime the MGC-forming potential of bone-marrow progenitor cells, suggesting the critical influence comes from tissue lipid availability rather than bone-marrow priming.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},458189,1790810686,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":145,"read_time":146,"preview_page_count":4},13056703020460,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/be000253dac470eee5d?_k=1778207105932848923","[www. nature.com/scientificreports](www. nature.com/scientificreports)  \nOPEN  \nLow-density lipoprotein cholesterol drives multinucleated giant  \ncell formation in response to mycobacterium bovis Bacille Calmette-Guérin  \nPhilipp-Alexander Merck1, Anne Kathrin Lösslein1,2, Jana Neuber1,3, Stephan Schwer1, Wenke Jonas4, John Andrew Pospisilik5, Ingo Hilgendorf6, Philipp Henneke1,7,9 & Florens Lohrmann1,8,9􀀍  \nMacrophages play a central role in tuberculosis, both in bacterial persistence and tissue pathology. Body weight and a dysregulated lipid metabolism profoundly affect disease progression and survival. Yet, the relationship between lipid metabolism and mycobacterial immunity is still poorly understood. Accordingly, this study investigated the influence of cholesterol and lipoproteins on macrophage responses to mycobacteria, in particular the formation of multinucleated giant cells (MGC), which are key components of granulomas and involved in the containment of mycobacteria. We found that lowdensity lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol was essential for the transformation of macrophage progenitors into MGCs in vitro, independent of the oxidation status. In contrast to these direct lipid effects on macrophage transformation, a lipid-rich diet to mice, which is known to elevate cholesterol levels in the blood, did not prime the MGC forming potential of bone-marrow progenitor cells. In conclusion, LDL promotes the mycobacteria-specific macrophage transformation, however, this effect appears to depend on tissue lipid availability rather than priming in the bone marrow.  \nTuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), remains a major global health burden, particularly in low-and middle-income countries1. Most infections remain latent, but 5–10% of cases progress to active disease, often triggered by immunosuppression or malnutrition2. TB begins with the phagocytosis of Mtb by alveolar macrophages. In most cases, the immune system reacts by forming granulomas—immune cell aggregates that spatially confine the bacteria. Nonetheless, Mtb can also exploit granulomas for its persistence, replication and even spread3,4 and use lipid-rich macrophages as a survival niche5.  \nMalnutrition significantly impairs TB immunity, while moderate obesity may offer protective effects6–8, potentially mediated by increased levels of inflammatory cytokines9. However, dysregulated lipid metabolism in macrophages can promote Mtb survival potentially by impairing phagosome maturation and providing a nutrient source for bacteria10. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) are lipoprotein subclasses that transport cholesterol in the circulation. Oxidized LDL (oxLDL) represents a modified form of LDL resulting from oxidative stress, which promotes endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and the progression of atherosclerotic lesions11. Emerging evidence suggests that dietary lipids and lipoproteins, including LDL and oxLDL, influence macrophage function and TB outcomes12–14. In addition, pharmacological modifications of lipid metabolism, e.g. via statins, can influence the TB disease course15, 16.  \n1Medical Faculty, Institute for Infection Prevention and Control, University Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. 2Medical Faculty, Institute of Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. 3Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. 4Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Germany. 5Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany; and Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, USA. 6Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. 7Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Faculty, University Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freib","cbCairlXErvE2wgy","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCairlXErvE2wgy","pdf",2128876,11,"English","# Abstract\n# Macrophages and tuberculosis background\n# Cholesterol, lipoproteins, and immunity\n# Study objective\n# Methods\n## Animals","[{\"question\":\"What role do multinucleated giant cells (MGCs) play in tuberculosis?\",\"answer\":\"MGCs are key components of granulomas and are involved in containing mycobacteria during tuberculosis.\"},{\"question\":\"How does LDL cholesterol affect MGC formation in vitro?\",\"answer\":\"LDL cholesterol was essential for transforming macrophage progenitors into MGCs in vitro, and this effect was independent of the oxidation status of LDL.\"},{\"question\":\"Why did a cholesterol-elevating lipid-rich diet fail to prime MGC formation?\",\"answer\":\"Although the diet increased blood cholesterol, it did not prime the MGC-forming potential of bone-marrow progenitor cells, suggesting the critical influence comes from tissue lipid availability rather than bone-marrow priming.\"}]","Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol drives multinucleated giant cell formation in response to mycobacterium bovis Bacille Calmette-Guérin | PDF",1790752010,28]