[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-412558-105":59,"doc-detail-412558-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","los-command-words","LOS Command Words","","LOS Command Words provides the official definitions used in the CFA Program and CIPM Program for reading specific Learning Outcome Statements (LOS) within study sessions. It explains the intended meaning of each command word and how it should guide what a candidate must learn for assignments and exam performance. The document clarifies that definitions cover only the senses used in CFA and CIPM LOS items and includes explanations and examples for core verbs such as Analyze, Calculate, Compare, Contrast, Define, Demonstrate, Describe, and Determine.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":20,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/exam/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/los-command-words/412558/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/los-command-words/412558.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Aria","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-21","2026-09-28",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":29},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What are LOS Command Words and how are they used?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"They are official command-word definitions linked to Learning Outcome Statements (LOS) in the CFA and CIPM study sessions. They indicate what candidates should learn and how to approach assignments and exam questions.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Does the document define command words for all contexts?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"No. The definitions explain only the senses used in CFA Program and CIPM Program LOS items. Other meanings relevant elsewhere are intentionally not provided.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How does “Analyze” differ from “Calculate” in exam expectations?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"“Analyze” focuses on taking something apart and examining how parts relate to each other and the whole in full detail. “Calculate” focuses on computing correct numerical values using mathematical processes (or determining them by other means when appropriate).","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},412558,1791491029,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":19,"category_name":20,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":29,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":19,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":52,"preview_page_count":4},2336464648322,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/2200025388227c56fec?_k=1778556882303663488","LOS Command Words  \nThe reading specific Learning Outcome Statements (LOS) contained in the study sessions are carefully designed to indicate what you should learn from each assignment. Although the format of the exam may not lend itself to using the following command words in the actual questions, you should be able to answer the exam questions if you can successfully accomplish the learning outcomes described by the command words in the LOS. The CFA® Program and CIPM® Program make use of the seventeen official command words defined below. The definitions explain only those senses in which the command word may be used in the CFA Program and CIPM Program LOS items; other senses, possibly relevant in other contexts, are not given.  \nAnalyze Definition: to examine the constituent parts of something and how the parts relate to each  \nother and to the whole  \nExplanation: Analyze asks you to be able to take apart something for study (e.g., a financial statement or an investment strategy) in order to understand the whole in full detail. In the first example of use below, the phrase “including …” highlights points that must be included in an analysis.  \nExamples:  \n􀂃 analyze bottom-up active strategies, including their rationale and associated processes  \n􀂃 analyze the effects of currency movements on portfolio risk and return  \nCalculate Definition: to compute, to determine by mathematical processes  \nExplanation: This command word asks you to be able to show that you can find a correct numerical value for a quantity of interest, such as a rate of return, a present value, or a cost of capital. When the numerical value is not found using math but by some other means determine may replace calculate. Calculate is frequently used in the phrase“calculate and interpret,” in which interpret addresses the ability to explain verbally the numerical result.  \nExamples:  \n􀂃 calculate and interpret the cost of equity capital using the capital asset pricing model  \n􀂃 calculate and interpret the leverage ratio  \nCompare Definition: to state the similarities and differences between  \nExplanation: Compare asks you to be able to explain how two (or more ) things are similar and how they differ. Compare subsumes the ability to describe and explain each thing individually. In the first example, the phrase “including …” highlights points that are expected to be included in a comparison.  \nExamples:  \n􀂃 compare inflation measures, including their uses and limitations  \n􀂃 compare share repurchase methods  \nContrast Definition: to state the differences between  \nExplanation: Contrast, rather than compare, is used when the key points of understanding several related things relate only to their differences.  \nExamples:  \n􀂃 contrast weak-form, semi-strong-form, and strong-form market efficiency  \n􀂃 contrast absolute and relative valuation models  \nDefine Definition: To state exactly the meaning of  \nExplanation: Define is used when it is important to know the exact meaning of a market or technical term. Learning outcomes with define are often building blocks to more advanced knowledge or skills.  \nExamples:  \n􀂃 define primary and secondary markets  \n􀂃 define forward contracts, futures contracts, options (calls and puts), swaps, and credit derivatives  \nDemonstrate To show practical mastery of  \nExplanation: Demonstrate asks you to show that you accomplish something using some stated means. In the first example, the skill is applying the Code of Ethics and Standards of Professional Conduct to workplace situations. In the second example, the skill is modifying a portfolio’s risk and return and “how …” narrows the focus to using interest rate swaps, forwards, and futures, as the means of modification. Where calculations are relevant and covered in the text,“demonstrate how…” subsumes the ability to make those calculations.  \nExamples:  \n􀂃 demonstrate the application of the Code of Ethics and Standards of Professional Conduct to situations involving issues of pr","cbCairBprqHTkCXd","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCairBprqHTkCXd","pdf",140339,"English","# LOS Command Words\n## Analyze\n## Calculate\n## Compare\n## Contrast\n## Define\n## Demonstrate\n## Describe\n## Determine\n## Discuss","[{\"question\":\"What are LOS Command Words and how are they used?\",\"answer\":\"They are official command-word definitions linked to Learning Outcome Statements (LOS) in the CFA and CIPM study sessions. They indicate what candidates should learn and how to approach assignments and exam questions.\"},{\"question\":\"Does the document define command words for all contexts?\",\"answer\":\"No. The definitions explain only the senses used in CFA Program and CIPM Program LOS items. Other meanings relevant elsewhere are intentionally not provided.\"},{\"question\":\"How does “Analyze” differ from “Calculate” in exam expectations?\",\"answer\":\"“Analyze” focuses on taking something apart and examining how parts relate to each other and the whole in full detail. “Calculate” focuses on computing correct numerical values using mathematical processes (or determining them by other means when appropriate).\"}]","LOS Command Words | PDF",1790592012]