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The study uses a structured investigation with defined data sources and collection, then analyzes results through linkages in Chile’s astronomy program and the convergence of implicit and explicit astronomy policies. Discussion covers theoretical relevance, social implications, study limitations, and policy relevance, followed by conclusions.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/looking-at-the-stars-unpacking-the-development-of-astronomy-in-chile-master-in-public-policy-thesis/501594/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/looking-at-the-stars-unpacking-the-development-of-astronomy-in-chile-master-in-public-policy-thesis/501594.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"miaandmiso","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-22","2026-10-03",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":34},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the central focus of the thesis?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The thesis analyzes the development of astronomy in Chile, tracing how observational-site selection and observatory development shaped growth and policy outcomes.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What theories and frameworks guide the literature review?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"It uses concepts such as the Core-Periphery Model, a “Structurally Unachieved” system of scientific advancement, and explanations for divergence between explicit and implicit policies.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How are the results presented and interpreted?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Findings are organized around linkages in Chile’s astronomy program and the convergence of implicit and explicit astronomy policies, then interpreted through theoretical relevance, social implications, limitations, and policy relevance.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},501594,1791260951,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":34,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},7971478544854,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_994ba38a5ba835b3df7d355c54d3ed8d","UNIVERSITY OF TOKYO  \nLOOKING AT THE STARS:  \nUNPACKING THE DEVELOPMENT OF ASTRONOMY IN CHILE  \nA THESIS SUBMITTED TO  \nTHE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF PUBLIC POLICY  \nIN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF  \nMASTER IN PUBLIC POLICY  \nBY  \nMIKI KOBAYASHI  \nTOKYO, JAPAN  \nACKNOWLEDGEMENTS  \nThis list of acknowledgements will never do justice to all the support I received throughout the process of writing and completing this thesis. But I thank Dr. Masaru Yarime and Dr. Hideaki Shiroyama for their expertise in the field of science and technology policy; the astronomers of Chile, the United States and Japan that opened my eyes to the depth of the wondrous world we call the Universe; and my family and loved ones that repeatedly reminded me that the sky—and the stars—are the limit. And of course, I cannot forget to mention the Atacama Desert: a mystical place that has inspired writers, artists, astronomers and even a public policy student from Japan.  \nCONTENTS  \nTABLES ..................................................................................................................................... 4  \nFIGURES ................................................................................................................................... 5  \nABBREVIATIONS .................................................................................................................... 6  \n1. INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................. 7  \n2. OVERVIEW OF CHILEAN ASTRONOMY ...................................................................... 10  \n1. Selecting Observational Sites in Chile ............................................................................. 10  \n2. Development of Observatories in Chile ........................................................................... 12  \n3. Growth of Chilean Astronomy.......................................................................................... 15  \n4. Development of Chilean Astronomy: Comparative Perspective ...................................... 19  \n3. LITERATURE REVIEW ..................................................................................................... 21  \n1. Core-Periphery Model: Latin American Dependency on Foreign Science ...................... 22  \n2.“Structurally Unachieved” System of Scientific Advancement ....................................... 25  \n3. Divergence of Explicit and Implicit Policies .................................................................... 28  \n4. Explaining the Development of Latin America’s “Niche” Scientific Sectors .................. 30  \n4. RESEARCH DESIGN ......................................................................................................... 33  \n1. Structure of the Investigation............................................................................................ 33  \n2. Data Sources and Collection............................................................................................. 34  \n5. RESULTS ............................................................................................................................. 36  \nI. Linkages: Chile’s Astronomy Program ............................................................................. 36  \nII. Convergence of Implicit and Explicit Astronomy Policies .............................................. 55  \n6. DISCUSSION ...................................................................................................................... 74  \n1. Theoretical Relevance....................................................................................................... 74  \n2. Social Implications of Chilean Astronomy....................................................................... 76  \n3. Limitations of the Study ................................................................................................... 78  \n4. Policy Relevance ...................................","cbCaiqcMKoeE2DMH","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiqcMKoeE2DMH","pdf",1619976,102,"English","# INTRODUCTION\n# OVERVIEW OF CHILEAN ASTRONOMY\n## Selecting Observational Sites in Chile\n## Development of Observatories in Chile\n## Growth of Chilean Astronomy\n## Development of Chilean Astronomy: Comparative Perspective\n# LITERATURE REVIEW\n## Core-Periphery Model: Latin American Dependency on Foreign Science\n## “Structurally Unachieved” System of Scientific Advancement\n## Divergence of Explicit and Implicit Policies\n## Explaining the Development of Latin America’s “Niche” Scientific Sectors\n# RESEARCH DESIGN\n## Structure of the Investigation\n## Data Sources and Collection\n# RESULTS\n## Linkages: Chile’s Astronomy Program\n## Convergence of Implicit and Explicit Astronomy Policies\n# DISCUSSION\n## Theoretical Relevance\n## Social Implications of Chilean Astronomy\n## Limitations of the Study\n## Policy Relevance\n# CONCLUSION\n# BIBLIOGRAPHY\n# APPENDIX","[{\"question\":\"What is the central focus of the thesis?\",\"answer\":\"The thesis analyzes the development of astronomy in Chile, tracing how observational-site selection and observatory development shaped growth and policy outcomes.\"},{\"question\":\"What theories and frameworks guide the literature review?\",\"answer\":\"It uses concepts such as the Core-Periphery Model, a “Structurally Unachieved” system of scientific advancement, and explanations for divergence between explicit and implicit policies.\"},{\"question\":\"How are the results presented and interpreted?\",\"answer\":\"Findings are organized around linkages in Chile’s astronomy program and the convergence of implicit and explicit astronomy policies, then interpreted through theoretical relevance, social implications, limitations, and policy relevance.\"}]","Looking at the Stars: Unpacking the Development of Astronomy in Chile - Master in Public Policy Thesis | PDF",1791021092,257]