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Methods analyze 645 patients treated from 2010 to 2019 in a single-center retrospective cohort, using training/validation splits to build and test predictors of rehemorrhage-free survival. Cox regression evaluates rehemorrhage-free survival risk factors, while logistic regression with propensity score matching estimates treatment effects on obliteration and rehemorrhage.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/long-term-outcomes-after-treatment-for-symptomatic-hemorrhage-of-brain-arteriovenous-malformations-research-article/449496/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/long-term-outcomes-after-treatment-for-symptomatic-hemorrhage-of-brain-arteriovenous-malformations-research-article/449496.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"pop out","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-01","2026-09-30",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":24},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What was the primary outcome in this study?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The primary outcome was the long-term risk of rehemorrhage in patients with ruptured brain arteriovenous malformations after different treatment strategies.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How were patients evaluated and predictors developed?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"A single-center retrospective cohort of 645 patients (2010–2019) was divided into training (70%) and validation (30%) cohorts to identify and validate predictors of rehemorrhage-free survival.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Which factors were independently associated with rehemorrhage-free survival?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Lesion size, lesion location (deep/posterior), and multiple draining veins were independently associated with long-term rehemorrhage-free survival.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},449496,1791298826,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":24,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":52,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},962090760408,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_085a072bc5b1113ac321206ff7593b45","AnnAls of Medicine  \n2026, Vol. 58, no. 1, 2610900  \n[https://doi.org/10.1080/07853890.2025.2610900](https://doi.org/10.1080/07853890.2025.2610900)  \nRESEARCH ARTICLE     \nLong-term outcomes after treatment for symptomatic hemorrhage of brain arteriovenous malformations  \nHao Wanga,b\\#, Wei Zhangc\\#, Zhi-Guo Sud\\#, Jing Tiane, Jun-Feng Huof, Wei Dongc and Gui-Jun Zhanga,c   \nadepartment of neurosurgery, shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to shandong first Medical University, Jinan, china; bintensive care Unit, Qinghai Provincial People’s Hospital, Xining, china; cdepartment of neurosurgery, West china Hospital, sichuan University, chengdu, china; dcerebrovascular disease Treatment center, Tianjin fifth central Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of china; eschool of stomatology, shandong first Medical University and shandong Academy of Medical sciences, Jinan, china; fdepartment of neurosurgery, shanghai donglei Brain Hospital, shanghai, china  \nABSTRACT  \nObjectives: To determine the long-term risk factors for rehemorrhage (primary outcome) in patients with ruptured brain arteriovenous malformations (BAVMs) after different treatment strategies and to evaluate the impact of different treatment strategies on lesion obliteration (secondary outcome) over a 10-year follow-up.  \nMethods: This single-center retrospective cohort included 645 patients with ruptured brain arteriovenous malformations (BAVMs) treated between 2010 and 2019, with a median follow-up of 96 months. Patients were randomly divided into training (70%) and validation (30%) cohorts to identify and validate predictors of rehemorrhage-free survival (RFS). Cox regression analyses were performed to assess risk factors for RFS, while logistic regression and propensity score matching (PSM) were used to evaluate the impact of treatment strategies on obliteration and rehemorrhage.  \nResults: Obliteration was observed in 66.0%(384/582) of the patients, and 109 patients (16.9%) experienced rehemorrhage. In the training set, the multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that, deep location ((hazard ratio (HR) = 2.033, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.166–3.545; p = 0.012)/posterior location (HR=2.215, 95% CI=1.213–4.043; p = 0.010), lesion diameter >6 cm (HR = 4.901, 95% CI = 2.046–11.737; p \u003C 0.001), and multiple drain veins (HR = 2.287, 95% CI = 1.207–4.335; p = 0.011), were significant independent risk factors for rehemorrhage-free survival. In the validation set, lesion diameters of 3–6 cm (HR = 4.910, 95% CI = 1.677–14.377; p = 0.004) and >6 cm (HR = 19.416, 95% CI = 5.152–73.173; p \u003C 0.001) remained significant in the multivariate Cox regression analysis. After PSM, univariate logistic analysis revealed that, compared with radiosurgery, preradiosurgery embolization + radiosurgery resulted in a lower non-obliteration rate ((odd ratio) OR = 0.352, 95% CI = 0.134–0.926; p = 0.034).  \nConclusions: Lesion size, lesion location, and multiple draining veins were independently associated with long-term RFS. Preradiosurgical embolization improved the obliteration rate but did not significantly alter the risk of rehemorrhage. These findings directly inform treatment selection for ruptured BAVMs.  \nIntroduction  \nARTICLE HISTORY  \nReceived 24 April 2025 Accepted 24 December 2025  \nKEYWORDS  \nBrain arteriovenous malformation;  \nobliteration;  \nrehemorrhage; treatment  \nBrain arteriovenous malformations (BAVMs) are high-flow vascular lesion due to direct arteriovenous shunting, with an estimated incidence of 1–2 per 100,000 person-years [1–4] . Most BAVMs remain clinically silent; only approximately 12% present with symptoms, most commonly intracranial hemorrhage or epilepsy [5] . Despite their often quiescent course, hemorrhagic presentation carries a high risk of mortality and long-term disability [6,7] .  \nCONTACT Gui-Jun Zhang  [guijunzhang@aliyun.com](guijunzhang@aliyun.com)  department of neurosurgery, shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to shandong first Medica","cbCaipT2ReLkp1hD","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaipT2ReLkp1hD","pdf",731370,"English","# Abstract\n## Objectives\n## Methods\n## Results\n## Conclusions\n# Introduction\n# Article history and keywords","[{\"question\":\"What was the primary outcome in this study?\",\"answer\":\"The primary outcome was the long-term risk of rehemorrhage in patients with ruptured brain arteriovenous malformations after different treatment strategies.\"},{\"question\":\"How were patients evaluated and predictors developed?\",\"answer\":\"A single-center retrospective cohort of 645 patients (2010–2019) was divided into training (70%) and validation (30%) cohorts to identify and validate predictors of rehemorrhage-free survival.\"},{\"question\":\"Which factors were independently associated with rehemorrhage-free survival?\",\"answer\":\"Lesion size, lesion location (deep/posterior), and multiple draining veins were independently associated with long-term rehemorrhage-free survival.\"}]","Long-term outcomes after treatment for symptomatic hemorrhage of brain arteriovenous malformations - Research Article | PDF",1790730353,25]