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Although early antibiotic treatment can prevent acute illness, syphilis has been linked to long-term neurological and cardiovascular complications, yet the strength of these associations is uncertain. This meta-analysis synthesized evidence from 14 clinical trials published through 2024. Neurological outcomes included 792 syphilis patients and 563 controls, while cardiovascular outcomes included 21,139 patients and 22,640 controls. Fixed-effect results showed higher incidence of both neurological and cardiovascular diseases in syphilis patients with low heterogeneity.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/long-term-health-effects-of-syphilis-in-cardiovascular-diseases-and-neurological-diseases-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis/449629/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/long-term-health-effects-of-syphilis-in-cardiovascular-diseases-and-neurological-diseases-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis/449629.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"kopisore","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-10","2026-09-30",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":52},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What was the purpose of this meta-analysis?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"To evaluate the association between syphilis and the incidence of neurological and cardiovascular diseases and summarize long-term health risks.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How many studies and participants were included?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Data from 14 clinical trials were included. Neurological outcomes involved 792 syphilis patients and 563 controls, while cardiovascular outcomes included 21,139 syphilis patients and 22,640 controls.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What did the meta-analysis find about long-term neurological and cardiovascular risks?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Syphilis was associated with a significant increase in neurological diseases and cardiovascular diseases, both showing statistically significant mean differences and low heterogeneity.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},449629,1790789755,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":52,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":34,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},962090880963,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","®  \n Observational Study   \nLong-term health effects of syphilis in cardiovascular diseases and neurological diseases A systematic review and meta-analysis  \nZuolin Ying, MD, PhDa ,* , Xiaojie Li, PhDa , Na Yin, BSa , Chuang Gao, BSa  \n\n| Abstract\u003Cbr>Syphilis, caused by Treponema pallidum , remains a significant public health concern globally. While early treatment can prevent the acute effects, syphilis has been linked to long-term neurological and cardiovascular complications. However, the magnitude of this association remains unclear. This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the association between syphilis and the incidence of neurological and cardiovascular diseases, providing a comprehensive overview of the long-term health risks associated with syphilis infection. We systematically reviewed and synthesized data from 14 clinical trials published through 2024. A total of 792 syphilis patients and 563 controls were included in the analysis of neurological outcomes, and 21,139 syphilis patients and 22,640 controls were analyzed for cardiovascular outcomes. A fixed-effect model was used due to low heterogeneity, assessed by I2 statistics. The meta-analysis found a significant increase in the incidence of neurological diseases in syphilis patients, with a mean difference of 2.53 (95% confidence interval: 1.78–3.59, P \u003C .00001) . Similarly, syphilis was associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular diseases, showing a mean difference of 2.85 (95% confidence interval: 2.64–3.07, P \u003C .00001) . Both analyses showed low heterogeneity (I2 = 0.53, P = .05 for neurological and I2 = 0.94, P \u003C .00001 for cardiovascular outcomes) . Syphilis is significantly associated with both neurological and cardiovascular diseases, highlighting the importance of early detection and treatment to prevent these long-term complications. |\n| --- |\n| Abbreviations: CI = confidence interval , RCTs = randomized controlled trials. |\n| Keywords: cardiovascular diseases, long-term health, neurological diseases, syphilis |\n\n1. Introduction  \nSyphilis, a sexually transmitted infection caused by Treponema pallidum, has been a major public health concern for centuries. [1] While effective antibiotics, particularly penicillin, have greatly reduced the incidence of syphilis in many parts of the world, the disease continues to affect millions annually, especially in lowand middle-income countries. According to the World Health Organization, syphilis remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality globally, with an estimated 6 million new cases each year.[2,3] Despite advances in treatment and prevention, syphilis continues to pose long-term health risks, particularly if left untreated or inadequately managed. [4]  \nWhile the acute symptoms of syphilis—such as chancres, rashes, and mucocutaneous lesions—are well-known, the longterm consequences of the disease are less frequently discussed. If not treated early, syphilis can progress to its tertiary stage, which may lead to severe neurological, cardiovascular, and other  \nAll of the authors have consented to publish this research. The authors have no funding and conflicts of interest to disclose.  \nThe datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.  \nThe ethic approval was reviewed and approved from the Ethic Committee of The Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and written informed consent was obtained from all patients. All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations.  \na Department of Dermatology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.  \n* Correspondence: Zuolin Ying, Department of Dermatology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 100 HaiNing Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai 200080, China ([e-mail: yingzuolin1337@126.com](e-mail: yingzuolin1337@126.com)).  \nsy","cbCailsYStZ4REXo","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCailsYStZ4REXo","pdf",1099862,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n# Methods\n# Results\n# Discussion\n# Conclusion","[{\"question\":\"What was the purpose of this meta-analysis?\",\"answer\":\"To evaluate the association between syphilis and the incidence of neurological and cardiovascular diseases and summarize long-term health risks.\"},{\"question\":\"How many studies and participants were included?\",\"answer\":\"Data from 14 clinical trials were included. Neurological outcomes involved 792 syphilis patients and 563 controls, while cardiovascular outcomes included 21,139 syphilis patients and 22,640 controls.\"},{\"question\":\"What did the meta-analysis find about long-term neurological and cardiovascular risks?\",\"answer\":\"Syphilis was associated with a significant increase in neurological diseases and cardiovascular diseases, both showing statistically significant mean differences and low heterogeneity.\"}]","Long-term health effects of syphilis in cardiovascular diseases and neurological diseases - A systematic review and meta-analysis | PDF",1790730734,18]