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Mismatch repair deficiency/high microsatellite instability (dMMR/MSI-H) is known to predict tumor responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors, yet evidence remains limited for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This report describes an advanced squamous lung cancer case with dMMR/MSI-H and high tumor mutational burden (TMB-H) showing durable benefit from immunotherapy, suggesting potential benefit for similar NSCLC 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biomarkers are emphasized in predicting immunotherapy response in this case report?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"The report highlights dMMR/MSI-H and high tumor mutational burden (TMB-H) as predictive biomarkers for response to immune checkpoint inhibitors.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"What type and stage of lung cancer is described?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"The document presents an advanced squamous lung cancer case exhibiting dMMR/MSI-H and high TMB-H.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"What clinical outcome does the patient achieve after immunotherapy?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"The patient obtains a long-term, durable benefit from immunotherapy with an immune checkpoint inhibitor (toripalimab is mentioned in the 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Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, Central South University, China  \nREVIEWED BY  \nYoshiaki Nakamura,  \nNational Cancer Center Hospital East, Japan  \nDahmane Oukrif, University College London, United Kingdom  \nStergios Boussios, King’s College London, United Kingdom Tiziana Venesio,  \nInstitute for Cancer Research and Treatment (IRCC), Italy  \n*CORRESPONDENCE  \nRuilian Chen  \n [chenruilian91430@gzucm.edu.cn](chenruilian91430@gzucm.edu.cn)[ ](chenruilian91430@gzucm.edu.cn)Xiaowei Ye  \n [Billye983@yeah.net](Billye983@yeah.net)  \n†These authors have contributed equally to this work and share first authorship  \nSPECIALTY SECTION  \nThis article was submitted to Cancer Immunity and Immunotherapy, a section of the journal Frontiers in Immunology  \nRECEIVED 03 November 2022  \nACCEPTED 20 December 2022  \nPUBLISHED 10 January 2023  \nCITATION  \nLi N, Wan Z, Lu D, Chen R and Ye X (2023) Long-term benefit of immunotherapy in a patient with squamous lung cancer exhibiting mismatch repair deficient/high microsatellite instability/high tumor mutational burden: A case report and literature review.  \nFront. Immunol. 13:1088683 .  \ndoi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1088683  \nLong-term benefit of immunotherapy in a patient with squamous lung cancer exhibiting mismatch repair deficient/high microsatellite instability/high tumor mutational burden: A case report and literature review  \nNa Li 1†, Zixuan Wan 1†, Dongyan Lu 2, Ruilian Chen 2* and Xiaowei Ye 2*  \n1 First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese, Guangzhou, China, 2 Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China  \nGenetic mutations that render mismatch repair defective may result in microsatellite instability, which is common in colorectal carcinomas and gastric cancers as well as Lynch syndrome. Mismatch repair deficiency/high microsatellite instability (dMMR/MSI-H) predicts the tumor response to immune checkpoint inhibitors. However, few studies have evaluated the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with dMMR/MSI-H. In this work, we present a patient with advanced squamous lung cancer with dMMR/MSI-H and a high tumor mutational burden (TMB-H) who obtained a long-term benefit from immunotherapy. NSCLC patients with dMMR/MSI-H/TMB-H may thus benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitors.  \nKEYWORDS  \nmismatch repair deficiency, high microsatellite instability (MSI-H), high tumor mutational burden, squamous lung cancer, immunotherapy  \nFrontiers in Immunology 01 [frontiersin.org](frontiersin.org)  \nIntroduction  \nLung cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide and has the highest mortality of all cancers (1). Immunotherapy has effectively treated many solid tumors. Programmed cell death-protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors have increased the 5-year survival rate for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients by 20-30% . However, it remains challenging to find patients exhibiting long-term responses to immunotherapy in the present era of precision medicine. The predictive biomarkers of immune checkpoint inhibitor efficacy include the tumor cell surface PD-L1 expression level, tumor mutational burden (TMB), mismatch repair deficiency/high microsatellite instability (dMMR/MSI-H), and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (2–4) .  \nDefects in DNA mismatch repair may lead to microsatellite instability, and subsequently a high TMB (TMB-H) and PD-L1 overexpression. The presence of dMMR/MSI-H was first detected in patients newly diagnosed with colorectal cancer. dMMR/MSI-H was closely associated with the immunotherapy response of solid tumors, particularly colorectal cancer, gynecological cancers, and gastric cancer (5–7) . Accordingly, pembrolizumab and nivolumab were approved for the treatment ","cbCaigWQm6IYoAVS","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaigWQm6IYoAVS","pdf",2327551,"English","# Introduction\n## Case presentation","[{\"question\":\"What biomarkers are emphasized in predicting immunotherapy response in this case report?\",\"answer\":\"The report highlights dMMR/MSI-H and high tumor mutational burden (TMB-H) as predictive biomarkers for response to immune checkpoint inhibitors.\"},{\"question\":\"What type and stage of lung cancer is described?\",\"answer\":\"The document presents an advanced squamous lung cancer case exhibiting dMMR/MSI-H and high TMB-H.\"},{\"question\":\"What clinical outcome does the patient achieve after immunotherapy?\",\"answer\":\"The patient obtains a long-term, durable benefit from immunotherapy with an immune checkpoint inhibitor (toripalimab is mentioned in the report).\"}]","Long-term benefit of immunotherapy in a patient with squamous lung cancer exhibiting mismatch repair deficient/high microsatellite instability/high tumor mutational burden - A case report and literature review | PDF",1790248687,25]