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The preface recounts a pedagogical effort sparked by early Macintosh programs and the creation of courseware such as Turing’s World, Tarski’s World, and Hyperproof. It describes observed diagram reasoning that is logically valid yet not captured by existing logical theory, motivating a broader account of the logical properties of visual 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\nIntensional Logics for ProgrammingEdited by Luis Farinas del Cerro and Marti Penttonen  \nSubstructural LogicsEdited by Kosta Dosen and Peter Schroeder-Heister  \nNonstandard Queries and Nonstandard AnswersEdited by R.Demolombe and T.Imielinski  \nWhat is a Logical System?Edited by D.M.Gabbay  \nConditionals:  From Philosophy to Computer ScienceEdited by G.Crocco,L.Farinas del Cerro,and A.Herzig  \nLogical Reasoning with DiagramsEdited by Gerard Allwein and Jon Barwise  \n# LOGICAL REASONINGWITHDIAGRAMS\n\nedited by  \nGERARD ALLWEIN  \nand  \nJON BARWISE  \nwith contributions by  \nGERARD ALLWEINJON BARWISENORMAN DANNERJOHN ETCHEMENDYKATHI FISLER  \nERIC HAMMERSTEVE JOHNSONISABEL LUENGOATSUSHI SHIMO.JIMASUN-Joo SHIN  \nOxford University Press  \nOxford New York  \nAthens Auckland Bangkok Bogota BombayBuenos Aires Calcutta Cape Town Dar es SalaamDelhi Florence Hong Kong Istanbul KarachiKuala Lumpur Madras Madrid MelbourneMexico City Nairobi Paris SingaporeTaipei Tokyo Toronto  \nand associated companies in  \nBerlin Ibadan  \nCopyright 1996 by Oxford University Press,Inc.  \nPublished by Oxford University Press,Inc.198 Madison Avenue,New York,New York 10016  \nOxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press  \nAll rights reserved.No part of this publication may be reproduced,stored in a retrieval system,or transmitted,in any form or means,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recording,or otherwise,without the prior permission of Oxford University Press.  \nLibrary of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data  \nLogical reasoning with diagrams/edited by Gerard Allwein and Jon Barwise;with contributions by Gerard Allwein...[et al.].p.cm.—(Studies in logic and computation;xxx)Included bibliographical references and index.ISBN 0-19-510427-7  \n1.Logic,Symbolic and mathematical—Charts,diagrams,etc.  \n2.Knowledge representation (Information theory)  \nI.Allwein,Gerard,1956-.II.Barwise,Jon.II.Series.QA9.L6241996511.3—dc20  95-41885  \n135798642  \nPrinted in the United States of Americaon acid-free paper  \nTo  \nAriel,Genny,and Tinkerbell,little people with fur,fangs,and claws.  \nThis page intentionally left blank  \n## Preface\n\nAbout three years ago,while in Washington,D.C.for a meeting,I cameacross a bookstore specializing in used books on logic and literature.Inside,I came across a thin volume by Martin Gardner called Logic,Machines,and Diagrams.Opening that book brought about a small epiphany.  \nHow many hours had I spent in Kansas City Central High School'slibrary reading Gardner's Scientific American columns those many yearsago,I wondered?And how large a hall would it take to hold everyone whosecareer was influenced by those monthly features?But these thoughts wereonly the backdrop against which my psychodrama played itself out.Toexplain,I must go back several more years.  \nLogic is the science of reasoning.In this regard it is at the very heartof all rational inquiry,transcending any particular branch of engineering,science,or mathematics.I became interested in logic in high school inthe late 1950's and have happily spent my professional life in its pursuit.In the early 1980's,when I was on the faculty at Stanford University,thefirst.Macintosh computers came on the market with a whopping 128K ofmemory.A friend and colleague,John Etchemendy,and I were inspiredby the visual power of the Macintosh to try to develop programs for itthat would help our students visualize and understand some of the moreabstract notions of logic.This collaboration has over the past decade ledto the development of Turing's World,Tarski's World,and most recently,Hyperproof.Each of these is a courseware package that teaches some basicnotions in logic by exploiting diagrams one way or another.  \nWhile our motivation was pedagogical—to provide better ways for ourstudents to learn standard material from logic—so","cbCaitubXLC3CYal","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaitubXLC3CYal","pdf",23547496,287,"English","# Preface\n## Origins in logic education and early computer tools\n## Diagram use beyond existing logical theory\n## Expanding logic to account for visual reasoning","[{\"question\":\"What problem does the preface highlight about existing logical theory?\",\"answer\":\"Existing theory treats the sentence as the basic unit of reasoning and analyzes validity only through relationships among sentences, while students used diagrams to reason in ways not captured by that framework.\"},{\"question\":\"How did the book’s development begin?\",\"answer\":\"The authors were inspired by the visual power of early Macintosh computers to create programs for students, leading to courseware such as Turing’s World, Tarski’s World, and Hyperproof.\"},{\"question\":\"Why are diagrams important for logical reasoning according to the authors?\",\"answer\":\"Diagrams and other visual presentations support reasoning across many domains, and understanding their logically valid and invalid uses is necessary as visual information becomes more prominent.\"}]","Logical Reasoning with Diagrams | PDF",723]