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It involves examining texts closely to analyze their meaning, structure, and the techniques used by the author. Critics consider a variety of factors, including historical context, cultural background, authorial intent, and reader response. The primary goal is to gain a deeper understanding of a text, which can involve assessing its aesthetic qualities, moral implications, and social relevance. Literary criticism provides readers with different lenses through which they can view a literary piece, allowing for a multi-dimensional understanding of literature.  \nHistorical Development of Literary Criticism  \nThe roots of literary criticism can be traced back to ancient times. Classical theorists like Plato and Aristotle in Ancient Greece laid the foundation for critical approaches. Aristotle’s Poetics, for instance, introduced concepts such as mimesis (imitation), catharsis (emotional release), and the importance of plot in drama. In the Renaissance, literary criticism flourished with critics like Sir Philip Sidney and John Dryden contributing new ideas about the nature of poetry and drama. The Enlightenment and Romantic periods saw further developments, with figures like Samuel Johnson and Matthew Arnold shaping critical theory by focusing on morality, aesthetics, and cultural significance.  \nSchools of Literary Criticism  \nOver time, various schools of thought have emerged in literary criticism, each offering different methods of analysis. Formalism and New Criticism, for instance, emphasize close reading of the text itself without regard to external factors. Structuralism and post-structuralism, on the other hand, focus on underlying systems and structures of meaning, often influenced by linguistics. Marxist criticism looks at literature through the lens of class struggles and  \neconomic systems, while feminist criticism explores gender roles and representations in texts. Reader-response criticism, in contrast, emphasizes the role of the reader in interpreting a text, suggesting that meaning is cocreated by the reader and the text itself.  \nFunctions and Importance of Literary Criticism  \nLiterary criticism serves several important functions. First, it helps clarify and interpret complex literary works, making them more accessible to readers. By offering insights into symbolism, themes, and style, critics allow readers to appreciate the depth of a text. Additionally, literary criticism encourages debate and dialogue, fostering a deeper engagement with literature and culture. It can also help readers connect literature to broader social, political, and philosophical issues. Furthermore, criticism helps shape the literary canon by influencing which works are deemed significant and worthy of study. In doing so, it reflects the evolving values and concerns of different time periods and societies.  \nImpact on Literature and Society  \nLiterary criticism not only impacts how individual works are understood but also  \nplays a key role in shaping literary movements and trends. For instance, the works of Romantic poets like Wordsworth and Coleridge were shaped in part by their reaction to earlier critical ideas, and modernist writers such as James Joyce and T.S. Eliot were influenced by critical discussions on form and structure. Moreover, criticism influences publishing and the reception of literature, as critical acclaim or condemnation can elevate or diminish a work’s status. In this way, literary criticism is intertwined with both the production of literature and the larger cultural landscape.  \nLiterary criticism is an es","cbCaitfNiwosl3yd","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaitfNiwosl3yd","pdf",1348164,188,"English","# Literary Criticism\n## Historical Development of Literary Criticism\n## Schools of Literary Criticism\n## Functions and Importance of Literary Criticism\n## Impact on Literature and Society","[{\"question\":\"What is the purpose of literary criticism in understanding a text?\",\"answer\":\"Literary criticism analyzes a text’s meaning, structure, and techniques to deepen understanding. It also helps readers examine aesthetic qualities, moral implications, and social relevance.\"},{\"question\":\"How does historical development influence literary criticism?\",\"answer\":\"Different intellectual periods shaped critical approaches—for example, ancient foundations, Renaissance humanism, Enlightenment rationality, and Romantic emphasis on emotion and individual expression.\"},{\"question\":\"What are the main schools of literary criticism mentioned in the notes?\",\"answer\":\"The notes discuss formalism and new criticism, structuralism and post-structuralism, Marxist criticism, feminist criticism, and reader-response criticism.\"}]","Literary Criticism Handwritten Notes Written by Yogesh Tiwari - Second Edition | PDF",1789778331,290]