[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-598384-105":59,"doc-detail-598384-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","literacy-policy-in-southeast-asia-a-comparative-study-between-singapore-malaysia-and-indonesia","Literacy Policy in Southeast Asia - A Comparative Study between Singapore, Malaysia, and Indonesia","","Literacy Policy in Southeast Asia examines why the literacy of 15-year-old Indonesian students is low and how this situation compares with Singapore and Malaysia. Using a qualitative comparative research method, the study analyzes literacy policy trends shaped by each country’s education system and language context. Findings show distinct emphases: Singapore’s industrialization orientation, Malaysia’s multi-ethnic life focus, and Indonesia’s 2013 curriculum reflection. It also details institutional roles in implementing literacy programs and activities.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/literacy-policy-in-southeast-asia-a-comparative-study-between-singapore-malaysia-and-indonesia/598384/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/literacy-policy-in-southeast-asia-a-comparative-study-between-singapore-malaysia-and-indonesia/598384.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"A glass of water","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-06","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":29},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What research questions does the study address?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The study asks why literacy among 15-year-old Indonesian students is low and how that level compares with other countries, focusing on Singapore, Malaysia, and Indonesia.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What method does the study use to analyze literacy policies?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"It employs a qualitative comparative research method to understand and compare literacy policy approaches across the three countries.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How do the countries differ in their literacy policy trends?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The findings indicate distinct trends driven by each education system and language context: Singapore emphasizes industrialization, Malaysia highlights multi-ethnic life, and Indonesia reflects the 2013 curriculum.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},598384,1792687357,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":29,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},962090760832,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","Doi: 10.26529/cepsj.1214  \nLiteracy Policy in Southeast Asia: A Comparative Study between Singapore, Malaysia, and Indonesia  \nEvi Fatimatur Rusydiyah*1, Zaini Tamin AR2 and Moh. Rifqi Rahman2  \n• This study starts with two questions: why is the literacy of 15-year-old Indonesian students low, and how does this compare with other countries? This study aimed to examine the literacy policies in Singapore, Malaysia, and Indonesia and discuss the strategic policies to improve literacy in each country. The qualitative comparative research method was employed to acquire a comprehensive understanding of the literacy policies in these three countries. According to the findings, Singapore, Malaysia, and Indonesia each have distinct literacy policy trends. The context of each country’s education system and language affects the government’s literacy policies: Singapore emphasises industrialisation; Malaysia refers to its multi-ethnic life; Indonesia reflects the 2013 curriculum. Meanwhile, the National Library Board (NLB; Singapore), the Malaysian National Literacy Agency (Malaysia), the Language and Book Development Agency, as well as the Archive and Library Agency (Indonesia) contribute to the implementation and commitment of these literacy policies. As part of their programme implementation, each institution has a literacy activity.  \nKeywords: comparative studies, educational policy, literacy, Southeast Asia  \n1 *Corresponding Author. Faculty of Education and Teacher Training, UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya, Indonesia; [evifatimatur@uinsby.ac.id](evifatimatur@uinsby.ac.id).  \n2 Doctoral candidate of Education Study Program, UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya, Indonesia.  \nPolitike opismenjevanja v jugovzhodni Aziji: primerjalna raziskava med Singapurjem, Malezijo in Indonezijo  \nEvi Fatimatur Rusydiyah, Zaini Tamin AR in Moh. Rifqi Rahman  \n• Ta študija se začenja z dvema vprašanjema: zakaj je pismenost 15-letnih indonezijskih učencev nizka in kako se to lahko primerja z drugimi državami. Raziskava se usmerja v preučevanje politik opismenjevanja v Singapurju, Maleziji in v Indoneziji, pri čemer obravnava strateške ukrepe izboljšanja pismenosti v vsaki izmed omenjenih držav. Pri tem je bilauporabljena kvalitativna primerjalna raziskovalna metoda, zato da smolahko pridobili celostno razumevanje politik opismenjevanja v teh treh državah. Glede na izsledke imajo Singapur, Malezija in Indonezija različne smernice glede politik opismenjevanja. Kontekst izobraževalnega sistema posamezne države in jezik vplivata na vladne politike opismenjevanja; Singapur poudarja industrializacijo, Malezija se sklicuje navečetnično življenje, Indonezija pa odseva svoj kurikulum iz leta 2013. Medtem Svet narodne knjižnice (angl. National Library Board; Singapur), Malezijska državna agencija za pismenost (angl. Malaysian National Literacy Agency), Agencija za razvoj jezika in knjige (angl. Language and Book Development Agency) pa tudi Agencija za arhiviranje in knjižnice (angl. Arhive and Library Agency; Indonezija) prispevajo k izvedbi in predanosti tem politikam opismenjevanja. Kot del njihovega izvedbenega programa ima vsaka ustanova svojo opismenjevalno dejavnost.  \nKljučne besede: primerjalna raziskava, edukacijske politike, pismenost, jugovzhodna Azija  \nIntroduction  \nLiteracy is a crucial demand in the so-called fourth industrial revolution because it is essential in ensuring the independence of lifelong learning in the information and digital era. To support this, qualities such as basic literacy, problem-solving, and character are required, which are connected with reading skills and the ability to critically and analytically evaluate and reflect on information (UNESCO, 2003). Literacy is described as the ability to utilise information related to social life and to understand, use, and comprehend reading to acquire and develop personal knowledge and the potential to play a role in a particular community. Literacy is the ability to use reading resources to increase ","cbCaitF9x5v2KBCQ","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaitF9x5v2KBCQ","pdf",156790,18,"English","# Introduction\n## Literacy as a foundation for lifelong learning\n## Four stages of literacy\n## Goal of literacy and expanded perspectives","[{\"question\":\"What research questions does the study address?\",\"answer\":\"The study asks why literacy among 15-year-old Indonesian students is low and how that level compares with other countries, focusing on Singapore, Malaysia, and Indonesia.\"},{\"question\":\"What method does the study use to analyze literacy policies?\",\"answer\":\"It employs a qualitative comparative research method to understand and compare literacy policy approaches across the three countries.\"},{\"question\":\"How do the countries differ in their literacy policy trends?\",\"answer\":\"The findings indicate distinct trends driven by each education system and language context: Singapore emphasizes industrialization, Malaysia highlights multi-ethnic life, and Indonesia reflects the 2013 curriculum.\"}]","Literacy Policy in Southeast Asia - A Comparative Study between Singapore, Malaysia, and Indonesia | PDF",1792086829,45]