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WITH COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENTS: COMMUNICATION DIFFICULTIES AND STRATEGIES  \nHui-chuan Hsu1, and Shu-Nu Chang-Lee2, 1. Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, New Taipei, Taiwan (Republic of China), 2. National Quemoy University, Jinning, Kinmen, Taiwan (Republic of China)  \nPurpose: This study aimed to explore the communication skills and difficulties between people with different degrees of cognitive impairments and formal/informal caregivers to provide suggestions for effective communication for caregivers. Methods: We observed the interaction of older adults with cognitive impairment from a long-term care facility, a day-care center, anda community-based care center. Videos with 1 to 3 sessions recorded each older adult’s interactions with their formal or informal caregivers; each session was 10 to 20 minutes. In total, 25 older adults participated in this study. All the videos of dialogues, facial expressions, motion, and gestures in the interactions were coded as transcripts, and then the communication strategies, difficulties, and diagnoses were analyzed. Results: Three themes were categorized: (1) Communication strategies of  \ncaregivers: The most often used strategies of caregivers included repetition, rewording, extending questions, forming assumptions, providing possible answers, following the topic, self-sharing, inappropriate questions, asking but not listening, and using assistive tools. (2) Communication characteristics of older adults:  \n760 Innovation in Aging, 2025, Vol. 9, No. S2  \nVocabulary difficulty, longer time to respond, incomplete sentences and hidden meaning, sharing life experience, health problems and illiteracy, changing subjects or pretending, silence or refusing to respond, inability to remember, and non-verbal language. (3) Skills to improve communication: Understanding their background and stories, conquering cohort differences, using the same language/dialects, questioning but not testing, listening and conversation extension, and being patient and sympathetic.  \nDiscussion: Caregivers’ communication strategies, strengths, and weaknesses were diagnosed. General communication principles and personalized suggestions are provided.","cbCaitzUvXF1v5VZ","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaitzUvXF1v5VZ","pdf",1320073,"English","# Purpose\n# Methods\n# Results\n## Caregiver communication strategies\n## Communication characteristics of older adults\n## Skills to improve communication\n# Discussion","[{\"question\":\"What is the study’s purpose regarding communication and cognitive impairments?\",\"answer\":\"The study examines communication difficulties and skills between people with different levels of cognitive impairments and formal or informal caregivers, providing suggestions for effective caregiver communication.\"},{\"question\":\"How were participants and interactions studied?\",\"answer\":\"Older adults with cognitive impairment in long-term care, day-care, and community-based care centers were observed through video recordings of 10–20 minute sessions, totaling 25 participants.\"},{\"question\":\"What communication strategies and improvement skills did the study identify?\",\"answer\":\"Caregiver strategies included repetition, rewording, and topic-following, while improvement skills emphasized understanding background stories, using the same language or dialects, listening and extending conversation, and being patient and sympathetic.\"}]","LISTEN TO PEOPLE WITH COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENTS - Communication Difficulties and Strategies | PDF",1790626606]