[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-353458-105":59,"doc-detail-353458-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":124,"head_meta":126,"extra_data":128,"updated_unix":130},105,"en","liquid-biopsy-current-applications-and-future-directions","Liquid biopsy: current applications and future directions","","This review summarizes liquid biopsy from historical background and biological features, classifying major biomarkers including circulating tumor DNA, circulating tumor cells, extracellular vesicles, non-coding RNAs, tumor-educated platelets, and tumor-associated antigens. It consolidates current classification strategies and advanced detection techniques for each biomarker type, then details oncology applications such as early cancer detection, therapy response prediction, treatment effect evaluation, residual disease monitoring, and insights into heterogeneity and resistance mechanisms. It further covers non-oncological uses, identifies key barriers to clinical adoption like lack of standardized procedures and need for large-scale prospective validation, and proposes future directions including multi-omics integration, artificial intelligence-driven analysis, and routine clinical implementation.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/liquid-biopsy-current-applications-and-future-directions/353458/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/liquid-biopsy-current-applications-and-future-directions/353458.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"pixelkiddo","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-28","2026-09-22",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",11,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What liquid biopsy biomarkers are covered in the review?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"The review classifies key biomarkers such as circulating tumor DNA, circulating tumor cells, extracellular vesicles, non-coding RNAs, tumor-educated platelets, and tumor-associated antigens.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How is liquid biopsy expected to help in oncology?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"It is discussed for early cancer detection, predicting responses to chemotherapy, radiotherapy and immunotherapy, evaluating treatment effects, monitoring residual disease, and investigating tumor heterogeneity and resistance mechanisms.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What obstacles currently hinder routine clinical use?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"The review highlights the absence of standard procedures and the necessity of large-scale prospective validation to support widespread clinical adoption.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},353458,1790146290,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":145,"read_time":146},962090883892,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/e00115db34f3e0f11b?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1790152879550218658","Zhao et al. Molecular Biomedicine (2026) 7:164 [https://doi.org/10.1186/s43556-026-00533-1](https://doi.org/10.1186/s43556-026-00533-1)  \nMolecular Biomedicine  \n REVIEW Open Access  \nLiquid biopsy: current applications and future directions  \nYunxiang Zhao1†, Mengyao Zhang2,3†, Yuyan Zhang1†, Jiahao Bu1, Zhibo Liu2,3, Chenran Wang2,3, Li Wang7, Xinyu Li4,5,6, Xianzhi Liu1, Weiwei Wang7*, Jianwei Wei1* and Liwei Ma2,3*  \nAbstract  \nThis review starts with the historical background and biological features to classify mainly the liquid biopsy biomarkers, such as circulating tumor DNA, circulating tumor cells, extracellular vesicles, non-coding RNAs, tumor-educated platelets and tumor-associated antigens, and also summarizes the present classification approaches and advanced detection techniques for each biomarker type. On this basis, the potential clinical uses of liquid biopsy in oncology are discussed in detail, including the early cancer detection, the prediction of the responses to chemotherapy, radiotherapy and immunotherapy, the evaluation of the treatment effects, the monitoring of the residual diseases and the investigation into the tumor heterogeneity and the resistance mechanisms. Moreover, the discussion is extended to other non-oncological fields, involving the reproduction medicine, the transplantation medicine, the neurological disorders, the infectious diseases and various chronic diseases such as the metabolic dysfunctionrelated liver disease and fibrosis, pulmonary fibrosis, lupus nephritis and renal fibrosis as well as rheumatoid arthritis. Finally, based on the comprehensive summary given above, this review summarizes the current status of the research on liquid biopsy, points out the main obstacles which hinder its wide application in clinic, for example, the absence of standard procedures and the necessity of large-scale prospective validation, and suggests possible future trends like the integration of multi-omics, the use of artificial intelligence in the analysis and the approach towards routine clinical practice.  \nKeywords Liquid biopsy, Circulating tumor DNA, Precision medicine, Multi-omics integration, Clinical translation  \n†Yunxiang Zhao, Mengyao Zhang andYuyan Zhang contributed equally to this work.  \n*Correspondence:  \nWeiwei Wang [wangweiwei0086@zzu.edu.cn](wangweiwei0086@zzu.edu.cn)[ ](wangweiwei0086@zzu.edu.cn)Jianwei Wei  \n[fccweijw@zzu.edu.cn](fccweijw@zzu.edu.cn)[ ](fccweijw@zzu.edu.cn)Liwei Ma [maliwei@zzu.edu.cn](maliwei@zzu.edu.cn)  \n1 Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China  \n2 Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China  \n3 Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450052, China  \n4 Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshe Dong Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, China  \n5 Henan Engineering Research Center of Neural Function Detection and Regulation, Zhengzhou, Henan, China  \n6 Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases,(Zhengzhou University), Zhengzhou, China  \n7 Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China  \n© The Author(s) 2026. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain","cbCainsTjnXN64UX","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCainsTjnXN64UX","pdf",2126177,35,"English","# Introduction\n## Molecular and biological basis of liquid biopsy\n## Liquid biopsy biomarkers and classification\n# Clinical applications\n## Oncology use cases\n## Non-oncological applications\n# Detection approaches and future directions\n## Advanced detection techniques\n## Barriers to clinical translation\n## Future trends","[{\"question\":\"What liquid biopsy biomarkers are covered in the review?\",\"answer\":\"The review classifies key biomarkers such as circulating tumor DNA, circulating tumor cells, extracellular vesicles, non-coding RNAs, tumor-educated platelets, and tumor-associated antigens.\"},{\"question\":\"How is liquid biopsy expected to help in oncology?\",\"answer\":\"It is discussed for early cancer detection, predicting responses to chemotherapy, radiotherapy and immunotherapy, evaluating treatment effects, monitoring residual disease, and investigating tumor heterogeneity and resistance mechanisms.\"},{\"question\":\"What obstacles currently hinder routine clinical use?\",\"answer\":\"The review highlights the absence of standard procedures and the necessity of large-scale prospective validation to support widespread clinical adoption.\"}]","Liquid biopsy: current applications and future directions | PDF",1790105518,88]