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For head and neck cancer, ccfDNA and salivary scfDNA can be distinguished, with cfDNA analysis supporting diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring. This review summarizes current evidence on total cfDNA, fragment length, and ctDNA mutation and methylation profiling in head and neck cancer.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/liquid-biopsies-based-on-cell-free-dna-as-a-potential-biomarker-in-head-and-neck-cancer/385091/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/liquid-biopsies-based-on-cell-free-dna-as-a-potential-biomarker-in-head-and-neck-cancer/385091.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Nguyễn Văn Học","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-27","2026-09-24",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",13,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What is liquid biopsy based on cell-free DNA used for in head and neck cancer?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"It is used to evaluate cfDNA for diagnostic, prognostic, and monitoring purposes in head and neck cancer, leveraging tumor-derived genetic and epigenetic information.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How is cell-free DNA released into body fluids?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"Major mechanisms include apoptosis, necrosis, and active secretion via extracellular vesicles, which together contribute to cfDNA presence in physiological fluids.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What cfDNA types are highlighted for head and neck cancer?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"The review distinguishes circulating cfDNA (ccfDNA) and salivary cfDNA (scfDNA) as two main types relevant to head and neck cancer.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},385091,1790332758,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":145,"read_time":146},1374402739827,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/14000c97e7351f1a627?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1787885694763230660","Japanese Dental Science Review 59 (2023) 289–302  \nContents lists available at ScienceDirect  \nJapanese Dental Science Review  \njournal [homepage:](homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jdsr)[ www.elsevier.com/locate/jdsr](homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jdsr)  \n| Liquid biopsies based on cell-free DNA as a potential biomarker in head and   neck cancer\u003Cbr>´Oscar Rapado-Gonza´lez a, b, c, d, Ana María Rodríguez-Ces a, b, c, Rafael Lo´pez-Lo´pez d, e, María Mercedes Sua´rez-Cunqueiro a, b, d, e, *\u003Cbr>a Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, Medicine and Dentistry School, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain\u003Cbr>b Galician Precision Oncology Research Group (ONCOGAL), Medicine and Dentistry School, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain\u003Cbr>c Liquid Biopsy Analysis Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group (ONCOMET), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain d Centro de Investigaci´on Biom´edica en Red en Ca´ncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain\u003Cbr>e Translational Medical Oncology Group (ONCOMET), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS, SERGAS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain |  |  |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| A R T I C L E I N F O |  | A B S T R A C T |\n| Keywords:\u003Cbr>Cell-free DNA\u003Cbr>Circulating tumor-DNA\u003Cbr>DNA methylation\u003Cbr>Somatic mutations, Liquid biopsy Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma |  | In the era of ‘precision medicine’, liquid biopsies based on cell-free DNA (cfDNA) have emerged as a promising tool in the oncology field. cfDNA from cancer patients is a mixture of tumoral (ctDNA) and non-tumoral DNA originated from healthy, cancer and tumor microenvironmental cells. Apoptosis, necrosis, and active secretion from extracellular vesicles represent the main mechanisms of cfDNA release into the physiological body fluids. Focused on HNC, two main types of cfDNA can be identified: the circulating cfDNA (ccfDNA) and the salivary cfDNA (scfDNA). Numerous studies have reported on the potential of cfDNA analysis as potential diagnostic, prognostic, and monitoring biomarker for HNC. Thus, ctDNA has emerged as an attractive strategy to detect cancer specific genetic and epigenetic alterations including DNA somatic mutations and DNA methylation patterns. This review aims to provide an overview of the up-to-date studies evaluating the value of the analysis of total cfDNA, cfDNA fragment length, and ctDNA analysis at DNA mutation and methylation level in HNC patients. |\n\n1. Introduction  \nHead and neck cancer (HNC) is the seventh most common malignancy with an estimated 930,000 new cases and 470,000 deaths occurring in 2020 [1]. HNC involves multiple anatomic subsites like the oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx, and larynx, with squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) being the most common histological type [2,3]. Although cases related to the consumption of tobacco and alcohol are slowly declining in developed countries, over the last decades, human papillomavirus (HPV) status has emerged as a novel risk and a prognostic factor for this malignancy [4,5]. This variety of locations and etiologies leads to a multifactorial pathogenesis with different deranged molecular pathways; however, up to date, despite the information retrieved by the use of genomics, the precise molecular mechanisms  \nunderlying HNC development and progression remain incompletely understood [3,6].  \nApplication of next-generation sequencing (NGS) in liquid biopsies has raised as an attractive strategy to characterize the molecular profile of solid tumors throughout a minimally invasive procedure, leading to an insightful understanding of the carcinogenesis process [7]. In general, liquid biopsies allow the analysis of different tumor-derived components such as circulating tumor cells (CTCs), cell-free acid nucleics (cfDNA) or extrace","cbCaif1t3PF4xWpl","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaif1t3PF4xWpl","pdf",3616482,14,"English","# Introduction\n## Clinical background of head and neck cancer\n## Liquid biopsy concepts and cfDNA biology\n## Historical findings of cfDNA in health and cancer\n# Review scope and aims\n## cfDNA types in head and neck cancer\n## Diagnostic, prognostic, and monitoring biomarker potential\n## Evaluation of total cfDNA, fragment length, and ctDNA mutation/methylation","[{\"question\":\"What is liquid biopsy based on cell-free DNA used for in head and neck cancer?\",\"answer\":\"It is used to evaluate cfDNA for diagnostic, prognostic, and monitoring purposes in head and neck cancer, leveraging tumor-derived genetic and epigenetic information.\"},{\"question\":\"How is cell-free DNA released into body fluids?\",\"answer\":\"Major mechanisms include apoptosis, necrosis, and active secretion via extracellular vesicles, which together contribute to cfDNA presence in physiological fluids.\"},{\"question\":\"What cfDNA types are highlighted for head and neck cancer?\",\"answer\":\"The review distinguishes circulating cfDNA (ccfDNA) and salivary cfDNA (scfDNA) as two main types relevant to head and neck cancer.\"}]","Liquid biopsies based on cell-free DNA as a potential biomarker in head and neck cancer | PDF",1790266701,35]