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Oils tested included benne (black sesame), okra seeds, peanuts, pecans, pumpkin seeds, and sunflower seeds. Polyunsaturated fatty acids varied from 1.8% in sunflower oil to 44.3% in pumpkin seed oil. Significant phytosterols were retained in all oils, with beta-sitosterol ranging from 29.0 mg/100 g (okra) to 251 mg/100 g (sunflower). Tocopherol forms reflected literature for oil seeds and tree nuts, and benne showed an unusually high beta form amount.",{"@graph":69,"@context":126},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/lipid-composition-and-nutritional-quality-of-some-commercially-available-cold-pressed-oils/409920/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/lipid-composition-and-nutritional-quality-of-some-commercially-available-cold-pressed-oils/409920.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Riley","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-09-28",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":39},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118,122],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Which cold pressed oils were evaluated in the study?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The study evaluated benne (black sesame), okra seed oil, peanut oil, pecan oil, pumpkin seed oil, and sunflower seed oil from small processors.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What key lipid nutrients were measured to assess nutritional quality?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Fatty acid profiles, phytosterols, and tocopherols were evaluated as the main lipid-related nutritional quality indicators.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How did polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) levels vary across the oils?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"PUFA contents ranged from 1.8% in sunflower oil to 44.3% in pumpkin seed oil.",{"name":123,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":124},"Why are cold pressed oils considered nutritionally beneficial compared with refined oils?",{"text":125,"@type":113},"Cold pressing avoids further refining steps that remove phytosterols and tocopherols, so the oils retain significant amounts of these lipid nutrients.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":128,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":130,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":132,"site_id":62},409920,1790694720,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":135},{"doc_id":132,"user_id":136,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":137,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":138,"file_id":139,"file_url":140,"file_type":141,"file_size":142,"view_count":39,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":44,"language":143,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":144,"faqs":145,"seo_title":146,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":147,"read_time":148,"preview_page_count":4},1374391975076,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/14000253ca4ec9f6853?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1783305029341752051","OPEN ACCESS  \nEDITED BY  \nAlessandra Durazzo,  \nCouncil for Agricultural Research and Economics, Italy  \nREVIEWED BY  \nAleksandra Stojićević,  \nThe Academy of Applied Studies Polytechnic, Serbia  \nJeroen Geuens,  \nKarel de Grote University College, Belgium  \n*CORRESPONDENCE  \nLisa L. Dean  \n [Lisa.Dean@usda.gov](Lisa.Dean@usda.gov)  \nRECEIVED 09 October 2025  \nREVISED 17 November 2025  \nACCEPTED 02 December 2025  \nPUBLISHED 18 December 2025  \nCITATION  \nDean LL (2025) Lipid composition and nutritional quality of some commercially available cold pressed oils.  \nFront. Nutr. 12:1721761 .  \ndoi: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1721761  \nCOPYRIGHT  \n© 2025 Dean. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) . The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.  \nTYPE Brief Research Report PUBLISHED 18 December 2025 DOI 10.3389/fnut.2025.1721761  \nLipid composition and nutritional quality of some commercially available cold pressed oils  \nLisa L. Dean *  \nFood Science and Market Quality and Handling Research Unit, USDA, Agriculture Research Service, Raleigh, NC, United States  \nConsumer interest in alternatives to highly refined oils from soybean and corn for culinary applications has resulted in an increase in the availability of alternatives, especially cold pressed ones. Sources that were once only known to certain regions or cultures are now becoming more mainstream. In addition, the interest in sustainability in the agricultural sector has led to the usage of seeds from previous “waste” sources. The fatty acid profiles, phytosterols and tocopherols were evaluated in some cold pressed oils from small processors. These included benne (black sesame), okra seeds, peanuts, pecans, pumpkin seeds, and sunflower seeds. Polyunsaturated fatty acid contents ranged from 1. 8% in sunflower oil to 44.3% in pumpkin seed oil. Cold pressed oils do not have the phytosterols and tocopherols removed by further refining. All the oils tested contained significant amounts of phytosterols with the lowest levels of Beta-sitosterol in the okra seed oil (29.0 mg/100 g) and the highest in the sunflower seed oil (251 mg/100 g) . The tocopherols present in the oils were in agreement with literature reports for oil seeds and tree nuts with significant amounts of the alpha and gamma forms. Unusually, the benne oil was found to have large amounts of the Beta form (8 .8 mg/g oil) . Use of these oils can make positive contributions to human health by providing significant amounts of these lipid nutrients to the diet.  \nKEYWORDS  \nunrefined oil, benne, okra, peanut, pecan, pumpkin, sunflower, oil quality  \n1 Introduction  \nOils of vegetable origins are the primary sources of lipids as human food. Edible oils are produced from a wide variety of grains, plants and especially seeds. The greatest portion is produced commercially from a few sources requiring almost one fourth of the world’s cropland to meet the demand ( 1). These major sources include soybean, rapeseed, palm and sunflower with lesser amounts from olive, coconut, corn (maize), peanut and cottonseed (2) . While vegetable oils are used as ingredients in a wide range of processed food products and in cosmetic and pharmaceutical applications, the major use is as a heat transfer medium in the cooking of foods, especially deep frying (3). On the industrial scale, their production involves recovery of the oil by extraction with organic solvents such as hexane, or to a lesser extent by crushing or pressing (4). The recovered oils are then further processed to remove minor lipid components that are considered undesirable due to their interference in certain functions of edible oil","cbCaigrnHq2NaSja","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaigrnHq2NaSja","pdf",393569,"English","# 1 Introduction\n## 1.1 Sources of cold pressed oils\n## 1.1.1 Benne\n## 1.1.2 Green peanut","[{\"question\":\"Which cold pressed oils were evaluated in the study?\",\"answer\":\"The study evaluated benne (black sesame), okra seed oil, peanut oil, pecan oil, pumpkin seed oil, and sunflower seed oil from small processors.\"},{\"question\":\"What key lipid nutrients were measured to assess nutritional quality?\",\"answer\":\"Fatty acid profiles, phytosterols, and tocopherols were evaluated as the main lipid-related nutritional quality indicators.\"},{\"question\":\"How did polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) levels vary across the oils?\",\"answer\":\"PUFA contents ranged from 1.8% in sunflower oil to 44.3% in pumpkin seed oil.\"},{\"question\":\"Why are cold pressed oils considered nutritionally beneficial compared with refined oils?\",\"answer\":\"Cold pressing avoids further refining steps that remove phytosterols and tocopherols, so the oils retain significant amounts of these lipid nutrients.\"}]","Lipid composition and nutritional quality of some commercially available cold pressed oils | PDF",1790583694,23]