[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-83958-en":3,"doc-seo-83958-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":92},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},83958,687197207639,"Asher","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd",8,"Research & Report","Linking Hadith Narrator Identities Across Heterogeneous Arabic Biographical Databases: A Multi-Signal Entity Resolution Pipeline","Transmission chains (sanad) in Islamic Hadith embed relationships among large numbers of historical narrators, but biographical records are scattered across independent Arabic digital databases that lack shared identifiers. A two-phase entity-resolution pipeline links narrator-name variants from the Sanadset 650K corpus to Hadithtransmitters (hawramani) and then to Muslimscholars. Phase 1 uses name-only similarity; Phase 2 uses weighted multi-signal scoring with name similarity, death-year proximity, and reliability-grade polarity. The result supports a large annotated linking corpus and an enriched directed transmission graph released as open resources.","arXiv :2607 .05424v1 [ cs .DL] 30 Jun 2026  \nLinking Hadith Narrator Identities Across Heterogeneous Arabic Biographical Databases: A Multi-Signal Entity Resolution  \nPipeline  \nTaufiq Wirahman  \nResearch Center for Computing, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Soekarno Science and Technology Zone, Cibinong, West Java, Indonesia Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Sciences,  \nUniversiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia  \n[taufiq.wirahman@brin.go.id](taufiq.wirahman@brin.go.id)  \nJune 2026  \nAbstract  \nThe transmission chains (sanad ) of Islamic Hadith literature encode relationships among tens of thousands of historical narrators whose biographical records are dispersed across independently maintained digital databases that share no common identifier. We present a two-phase entity resolution pipeline that links narrator names from the Sanadset 650K corpus—650,986 Hadith records from 926 books containing 185,216 unique narrator name variants—to two biographical databases:  \nHadithtransmitters (hawramani; 100,915 entries) and Muslimscholars (25,247 entries) .  \nPhase 1 matches Sanadset names to hawramani using name-only similarity (Sanadset carries no metadata), yielding 94,628 links (51.1%; HIGH 39,938 / MEDIUM 54,690) . Phase 2 cross-references hawramani against muslimscholars via a weighted multi-signal function combining name similarity, death-year proximity, and reliability grade polarity, yielding 95,573 links (94.7% of hawramani; HIGH 18,245 / MEDIUM 71,546 / LOW 5,782) . Chaining the two phases gives Sanadset narrators transitive access to muslimscholars data. The linked data enable construction of a 185,216-node, 814,093-edge directed transmission graph enriched with cross-source biographical metadata. The annotated link corpora and enriched graph are released  \nas open resources.  \nKeywords: entity resolution, Hadith narrators, Arabic NLP, transmission graph, knowledge graph, sanad analysis, Islamic digital humanities  \n1 Introduction  \nIslamic Hadith scholarship rests on a discipline known as ‘ilm al-rij¯al—the science of narrator evaluation. For over a millennium, scholars have manually cross-referenced narrator biographies recorded in Arabic tabaqa  (biographical dictionaries) to assess the reliability of Hadith transmission chains (sanad) . A single narrator may appear under different name forms across sources: a kunyah (Ab¯u Han¯ıfa) in one database, a full nasab chain (al-Nu`m¯an ibn Th¯abit ibn Z¯ut¯a) in another, with or without diacritical marks, and in different grammatical cases depending on syntactic position within the chain.  \nThe digitization of Hadith literature has produced several large, independently maintained databases. Sanadset 650K [12] provides 650,986 structured Hadith records from 926 Arabic books with XML-tagged narrator chains, yielding 185,216 unique narrator name variants. The Hadithtransmitters platform (hawramani) hosts biographical records for 100,915 narrators including death years, reliability grades, and teacher–student links. Muslimscholars.info maintains structured profiles for 25,247 Islamic scholars. Each database uses different name representations, coverage criteria, and data models, and none is linked to the others at the entity level. This isolation imposes a structural ceiling on computational Hadith research: social network analyses of transmission chains [1 , 19] reveal rich graph-theoretic properties but are constrained to single collections with no biographical metadata on narrator nodes; narrator disambiguation systems [9, 10] achieve high classification accuracy but operate entirely within a single biographical authority.  \nExisting approaches to Arabic entity resolution target modern Wikipedia-aligned knowledge bases and cannot address the distinctive challenges of historical Islamic personal names: multi-token nasab chains of variable length, kunyah/ism alternation, medieval spelling conventions, and morphological case variation [4 , 14] . 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Phase 2 cross-references hawramani with muslimscholars using a weighted multi-signal approach combining name similarity, death-year proximity, and reliability-grade polarity.\"},{\"question\":\"What outputs are produced from linking the databases?\",\"answer\":\"The work produces stratified annotated link corpora (sanad_links and narrator_links) and builds an enriched directed transmission graph with cross-source biographical metadata, released as open resources.\"}]",1784191672,40,{"code":4,"msg":31,"data":32},"ok",{"site_id":25,"language":24,"slug":33,"title":13,"keywords":34,"description":14,"schema_data":35,"social_meta":87,"head_meta":89,"extra_data":91,"updated_unix":28},"linking-hadith-narrator-identities-across-heterogeneous-arabic-biographical-databases-a-multi-signal-entity-resolution-pipeline","",{"@graph":36,"@context":86},[37,54,69],{"@type":38,"itemListElement":39},"BreadcrumbList",[40,44,48,51],{"item":41,"name":42,"@type":43,"position":21},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":45,"name":46,"@type":43,"position":47},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":49,"name":12,"@type":43,"position":50},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":52,"name":13,"@type":43,"position":53},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/linking-hadith-narrator-identities-across-heterogeneous-arabic-biographical-databases-a-multi-signal-entity-resolution-pipeline/83958/",4,{"url":52,"name":13,"@type":55,"author":56,"headline":13,"publisher":58,"fileFormat":61,"inLanguage":24,"description":14,"dateModified":62,"datePublished":63,"encodingFormat":61,"isAccessibleForFree":64,"interactionStatistic":65},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":57},"Person",{"url":41,"name":59,"@type":60},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-07-26","2026-07-16",true,{"@type":66,"interactionType":67,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":68},"ViewAction",{"@type":70,"mainEntity":71},"FAQPage",[72,78,82],{"name":73,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":75},"What problem does the paper address for Hadith narrator research?","Question",{"text":76,"@type":77},"It addresses how to connect narrator identities across multiple independently maintained Arabic biographical databases that use different name forms and have no shared entity identifiers.","Answer",{"name":79,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":80},"How does the proposed two-phase entity resolution pipeline work?",{"text":81,"@type":77},"Phase 1 links Sanadset narrator names to hawramani using name-only similarity. Phase 2 cross-references hawramani with muslimscholars using a weighted multi-signal approach combining name similarity, death-year proximity, and reliability-grade polarity.",{"name":83,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":84},"What outputs are produced from linking the databases?",{"text":85,"@type":77},"The work produces stratified annotated link corpora (sanad_links and narrator_links) and builds an enriched directed transmission graph with cross-source biographical metadata, released as open resources.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":52,"og:type":88,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":59,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":90,"canonical":52},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":25},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":93},[94,98,102,106,110,115,119,122,127,130,134],{"id":21,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":95,"show_sort_weight":96,"slug":97},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":47,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":99,"show_sort_weight":100,"slug":101},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":53,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":20,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":107,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":29,"slug":118},7,"Healthcare","healthcare",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":120,"slug":121},30,"research-report",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":125,"slug":126},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":125,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":125,"slug":129},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":131,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":132,"show_sort_weight":131,"slug":133},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":135,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":136,"show_sort_weight":20,"slug":137},19,"General","general"]