[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-90456-en":3,"doc-seo-90456-105":31,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":92},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":28,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":29,"read_time":30},90456,5909877438554,"Maeve","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/5600025385ad2bf12a7?_k=1778553567797529272",7,"Healthcare","Lining a Fishpond - Intermediate/Advanced","Guidance for lining fishponds using cost-effective, locally adaptable methods suitable for intermediate to advanced learners. Compares lining with polythene, rubber sheets, or cement versus clay, and explains how to test soil for clay content to ensure strong water retention. Covers site selection, pond preparation, compacting soil, lime treatment to protect the bottom from earthworms, and clay puddling technique to prevent cracking leaks. Also describes an alternative lining method using fresh pig manure and grass cuttings, with clear seasonal precautions.","Lining a Fishpond  \nlevel: intermediate / advanced  \nEnglish Agriculture  \nLining a Fishpond  \nThis material was taken from.  \nFootsteps the literacy publication of TEAR Fund  \nwith kind permission  \nEnglish Oxfordshire, England  \nCopyright © 2019, MissionAssist  \n[http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)  \nYou are free to make commercial use of this work. You may adapt and add to this work. You must keep the copyright and credits for authors, illustrators, etc.  \nThis material was taken from.  \nFootsteps  \nthe literacy publication of TEAR Fund with kind permission  \nThis edition published in the United Kingdom in 2019 by MissionAssist Permission is granted for non-profit reproduction and other use of the MissionAssist materials.  \nThank you for using MissionAssist Shell Books  \nWhere an asterisk (*) appears in the text, the word after it is likely to have local variations and you should change it to suit your own particular setting.  \nInstead of using personal names, we have used *M1, *M2 or *F1, *F2 etc to show male or female characters. Please change these forms to local male or female names.  \nYou can also substitute local names for plants, medicines, vaccines, food, tools, animals or any other item.  \nIf you can, ask a local medical or nutritional expert to verify the advice given in a booklet, if appropriate.  \nYou can change the text as you desire and you can also change any of the illustrations if you need to.  \nWhen you print the book it will be A5 size, each page on a separate sheet. If you want to make it into an A5-sized booklet, Word can do this automatically for you. You should:  \n• Go to “File”  \n• Select “Print”  \n• click on “Page Setup”  \n• From the “multiple pages” drop-down box, select“Book fold”.  \n• Click “ok”. The book should now print as a booklet for you. If you do not have a printer which will print automatically on both sides of the paper, you will need to turn the paper over manually when prompted.  \nWe hope you enjoy using this Shell Book . Please delete these notes before printing  \nLining a Fishpond  \nPonds can be lined with Polythene, Rubber sheets, or Cement. But it is expensive to line ponds with these. A cheaper way is to line ponds with clay.  \nSoil that already contains clay is the best for building fishponds because it holds water well. You may have to bring clay in, perhaps from a riverbank, if your soil is not suitable.  \nTo examine the soil, dig a hole 3 ft (1 m) deep and take a sample of soil. Form it into a ball in your hand. If it crumbles, it does not have much clay, but if it remains firm, then it will be good for lining a pond.  \nChoosing the Site  \nYou will need a good source of water, such as a spring, a stream or ground water. You can also rely on rainwater, but rain-filled ponds often dry up in the dry season, so you must harvest the fish before the water level falls too low.  \nBuild your pond on a flat piece of ground by digging out the soil. The water level will then be below the original ground level.  \nDig out the pond and take out all the stones and rocks from the bottom and sides.  \nCompact the soil at the bottom very hard.  \nCover the bottom of the pond with a layer of lime, about 1 to 1½ inches (2 to 4 cm) thick. This stops earth worms damaging the bottom of the pond.  \nBring some heavy clay and line the bottom of the pond with a layer about 2 inches (5 to 6 cm) thick. Puddle the clay in with your feet, puddling from the centre outwards. Keep the clay wet all the time.  \nIf the clay dries it will crack and the water will leak out, so keep the clay in the centre of the pond wet while you add more clay to the sides.  \nFill the pond with water, keeping the level just below the top of the puddled clay.  \nAnother Method  \nThere is another way of lining your pond, using pig manure and grass cuttings.  \nDO NOT line this type of pond in the rainy season.  \nDig the pond.  \nCompact the soil at the bottom very hard. Take out all the","cbCaibpCssDQJCEl","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaibpCssDQJCEl","pdf",504050,3,1,17,"English","en",105,"# Lining a Fishpond\n## Materials and Cost Considerations\n## Choosing the Site\n## Clay Lining Procedure\n## Another Method (Pig Manure and Grass Cuttings)","[{\"question\":\"Why is clay lining recommended over polythene, rubber sheets, or cement?\",\"answer\":\"It is cheaper. Polythene, rubber sheets, or cement can be expensive compared with clay.\"},{\"question\":\"How can you check whether your soil is suitable for lining a fishpond?\",\"answer\":\"Dig a hole about 1 m deep and take a soil sample. Roll it into a ball: if it remains firm, it is likely to have enough clay; if it crumbles, it does not.\"},{\"question\":\"What steps help prevent leaks when lining with clay?\",\"answer\":\"Compact the bottom very hard, apply lime, then puddle clay while keeping it wet. Keep the centre of the pond’s clay wet while adding more clay to the sides so the clay does not crack.\"}]","Lining a Fishpond - Intermediate/Advanced | PDF",1784293744,43,{"code":4,"msg":32,"data":33},"ok",{"site_id":25,"language":24,"slug":34,"title":13,"keywords":35,"description":14,"schema_data":36,"social_meta":87,"head_meta":89,"extra_data":91,"updated_unix":29},"lining-a-fishpond-intermediateadvanced","",{"@graph":37,"@context":86},[38,54,69],{"@type":39,"itemListElement":40},"BreadcrumbList",[41,45,49,51],{"item":42,"name":43,"@type":44,"position":21},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":46,"name":47,"@type":44,"position":48},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":50,"name":12,"@type":44,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",{"item":52,"name":13,"@type":44,"position":53},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/lining-a-fishpond-intermediateadvanced/90456/",4,{"url":52,"name":13,"@type":55,"author":56,"headline":13,"publisher":58,"fileFormat":61,"inLanguage":24,"description":14,"dateModified":62,"datePublished":63,"encodingFormat":61,"isAccessibleForFree":64,"interactionStatistic":65},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":57},"Person",{"url":42,"name":59,"@type":60},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-07-29","2026-07-17",true,{"@type":66,"interactionType":67,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":68},"ViewAction",{"@type":70,"mainEntity":71},"FAQPage",[72,78,82],{"name":73,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":75},"Why is clay lining recommended over polythene, rubber sheets, or cement?","Question",{"text":76,"@type":77},"It is cheaper. Polythene, rubber sheets, or cement can be expensive compared with clay.","Answer",{"name":79,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":80},"How can you check whether your soil is suitable for lining a fishpond?",{"text":81,"@type":77},"Dig a hole about 1 m deep and take a soil sample. Roll it into a ball: if it remains firm, it is likely to have enough clay; if it crumbles, it does not.",{"name":83,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":84},"What steps help prevent leaks when lining with clay?",{"text":85,"@type":77},"Compact the bottom very hard, apply lime, then puddle clay while keeping it wet. 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