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It then presents “Reading One: An Unbreakable Code,” using pig Latin as a warm-up and a reading strategy to focus on Navajo Code Talkers. The chapter explains how a complex unwritten language functioned as a wartime code and how messages were encoded, transmitted, and decoded faster than machines.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":15,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/literature/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/linguistics-little-known-languages-chapter-3-reading-one-an-unbreakable-code/427848/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/linguistics-little-known-languages-chapter-3-reading-one-an-unbreakable-code/427848.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Taylor Morgan","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-23","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":34},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is scanning, and how is it used in the chapter?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Scanning is a quick method for looking over text to find specific facts. In the reading, scanning helps locate numbers needed to complete sentences.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How do you write a message in pig Latin?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Move the first letter of the word to the end of the word and add “ay.” An example given is CODE becoming ODE + C + AY.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Why was Navajo considered an effective secret language during World War II?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Navajo was complex and unwritten, so people outside the reservation could not speak or understand it. The Code Talkers also invented new words to describe military equipment.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},427848,1790812192,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":14,"category_name":15,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":34,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},1099523885336,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","LINGUISTICS: the scientific study of the nature, structure, grammar, and history of the world’s languages. A linguist is someone who studies languages and linguistics. In ordinary speech, a linguist can also be someone who speaks many languages or who has a large vocabulary.  \nCHAPTER  \n3  \nneed  \nLINGUISTICS:  \nLittle-Known Languages  \nOBJECTIVES  \nTo write academic texts, you to master certain skills.  \nIn this chapter, you will:  \n• Scan a text for numbers  \n• Read a chart for information  \n• Identify the parts of an introduction  \n• Understand and use synonyms  \n• Understand prefixes and suffixes  \n• Use a dictionary to find the meaning of vocabulary in context  \n• Take margin notes to remember the main ideas  \n32  \nBEFORE YOU READ  \nLinguists classify languages into different language families. The one with the largest number of native speakers is the Indo-European family, which includes languages from India to Europe and North and South America. English is an Indo-European language. English has its roots in Germanic languages but includes many words from Latin and French.  \nConsider This Chart  \nLook at the chart. Discuss the questions in a small group.  \n1. Do you think any one language is more important than another?  \n2. What makes a language important?  \n3. What are the advantages of speaking a language many other people speak?  \n\n| MOST WIDELY SPOKEN LANGUAGES IN THE WORLD |  |  |  |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Rank Language\u003Cbr>1  Mandarin |  | Speakers\u003Cbr>(millions)\u003Cbr>1151 | Where Spoken (major locations)\u003Cbr>China, Malaysia, Taiwan |\n| 2 | English | 1000 | USA, UK, Australia, Canada, New Zealand |\n| 3 | Spanish | 500 | Mexico, Central and South America, Spain |\n| 4 | Hindi | 490 | North and Central India |\n| 5 | Russian | 277 | Russia, Central Asia |\n| 6 | Arabic | 255 | Middle East, Arabia, North Africa |\n| 7 | Portuguese | 240 | Brazil, Portugal, Southern Africa |\n| 8 | Bengali | 215 | Bangladesh, Eastern India |\n| 9 | French | 200 | France, Canada, West Africa, Central Africa |\n| 10 | Malay, Indonesian | 175 | Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore |\n| 11 | German | 166 | Germany, Austria, Central Europe |\n| 12 | Japanese | 132 | Japan |\n| 13 | Farsi (Persian) | 110 | Iran, Afghanistan, Central Asia |\n| 14 | Urdu | 104 | Pakistan, India |\n\n© 1997, 2010 KryssTal Link: [http://www.krysstal.com/spoken.html](http://www.krysstal.com/spoken.html)  \nLinguistics: Little-Known Languages 33  \nREADING ONE: An Unbreakable Code  \nA Warm-Up  \nA code is a secret way to communicate. This is a coded message in “pig Latin.”Can you guess what it says?  \nEndsay oneymay astfay.  \n1. Can you read this message?  \nHow to write in this code: Move the first letter of the word to the end of the word and add “ay” to it. Example: CODE = ODE + C + AY = ODECAY  \n2. Now can you read the message? Can you write a message in this code?  \n3. This code is named “pig Latin,” but it’s not based on Latin (the language of ancient Rome.) It’s really based on English. Thomas Jefferson, the writer of the Declaration of Independence, wrote part of his diaries in pig Latin. Can you write pig Latin messages in other languages that you know? Does the code work?  \nThe great painter Leonardo da Vinci used a different code in his writings:  \nHold the message up to a mirror. Do you see how the message is readable when viewed in a mirror?  \n4. In what situations do you think people would need to use a code?  \nB Reading Strategy  \nScanning  \nScanning is useful when looking for specific facts. To scan, quickly look over the text to find the necessary information.  \nThe title of the reading is “An Unbreakable Code.” The title refers to a secret code used during World War II.  \nScan the reading to find the numbers to complete these sentences.  \n1. In Navajo, one vowel can have   pronunciations.  \n2. There were   Navajo Code Talkers with the U.S. Marinesin World War II.  \n3. In   the Navajo Code was no longer a secret. Now read the text to find out more about this secret code.  ","cbCairnTV81s6w6G","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCairnTV81s6w6G","pdf",22669452,18,"English","# Objectives\n## Before You Read\n## Consider This Chart\n# Reading One: An Unbreakable Code\n## A Warm-Up\n## B Reading Strategy - Scanning\n## An Unbreakable Code","[{\"question\":\"What is scanning, and how is it used in the chapter?\",\"answer\":\"Scanning is a quick method for looking over text to find specific facts. In the reading, scanning helps locate numbers needed to complete sentences.\"},{\"question\":\"How do you write a message in pig Latin?\",\"answer\":\"Move the first letter of the word to the end of the word and add “ay.” An example given is CODE becoming ODE + C + AY.\"},{\"question\":\"Why was Navajo considered an effective secret language during World War II?\",\"answer\":\"Navajo was complex and unwritten, so people outside the reservation could not speak or understand it. The Code Talkers also invented new words to describe military equipment.\"}]","Linguistics - Little-Known Languages - Chapter 3 - Reading One - An Unbreakable Code | PDF",1790644954,28]