[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-373090-105":59,"doc-detail-373090-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":124,"head_meta":126,"extra_data":128,"updated_unix":130},105,"en","light-based-technologies-in-immunotherapy-advances-mechanisms-and-applications","Light-based technologies in immunotherapy - advances, mechanisms and applications","","Light-based immunotherapy uses specific wavelengths of light to activate or modulate immune responses. It mainly relies on two mechanisms: direct activation of immune cells and indirect modulation of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Key technologies under investigation or in clinical use include photodynamic immunotherapy (PDIT) and photothermal therapy (PTT). Optogenetic tools can precisely control T-cell activation, cytokine release, and other immune effector functions.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/light-based-technologies-in-immunotherapy-advances-mechanisms-and-applications/373090/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/light-based-technologies-in-immunotherapy-advances-mechanisms-and-applications/373090.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Levi","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-27","2026-09-23",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",17,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What are the two main mechanisms behind light-based immunotherapy?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"Light-based immunotherapy primarily uses direct activation of immune cells and indirect modulation of the tumor microenvironment (TME).","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"Which light-based technologies are highlighted in the article?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"The article highlights photodynamic immunotherapy (PDIT) and photothermal therapy (PTT), along with optogenetic tools for precise immune control.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"How can optogenetics improve immune modulation?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"Optogenetic tools can precisely control T-cell receptor activation, cytokine release, and the activity of other immune effector cells.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},373090,1790294435,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":44,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},7971461740909,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","IMMUNOTHERAPY  \n2025, VOL. 17, NO. 2, 123–131  \n[https://doi.org/10.1080/1750743X.2025.24701](https://doi.org/10.1080/1750743X.2025.24701)11  \n| \u003Cbr>Light-based technologies in immunotherapy: advances, mechanisms and applications\u003Cbr>Davide Frumento a and Ștefan Ţălu b\u003Cbr>aDepartment of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; bThe Directorate of Research, Development and Innovation Management (DMCDI), The Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania |  |  |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| \u003Cbr>ABSTRACT\u003Cbr>Light-based immunotherapy uses specific wavelengths of light to activate or modulate immune responses. It primarily employs two mechanisms: direct activation of immune cells and indirect modulation of the tumor microenvironment (TME) . Several light-based technologies are under investigation or clinical use in immunotherapy, including photodynamic immunotherapy (PDIT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) . Optogenetic tools have the potential to precisely control T-cell receptor activation, cytokine release, or the activity of other immune effector cells. Light-based technologies present innovative opportunities within the realm of immunotherapy. The ability to precisely regulate immune cell activation via optogenetics, alongside the improved targeting of cancer cells through photoimmunotherapy, signifies a transformative shift in our strategies for immune modulation. Although many of these technologies remain in the experimental stage for various applications, initial findings are encouraging, especially concerning cancer treatment and immune modulation. Continued research and clinical trials are essential to fully harness the capabilities of light technology in the context of immune cell therapy. |  | ARTICLE HISTORY\u003Cbr>Received 16 October 2024 Accepted 18 February 2025\u003Cbr>KEYWORDS\u003Cbr>Immunotherapy; neoplasms; optogenetics; photodynamic immunotherapy;\u003Cbr>photodynamic therapy; photothermal therapy |\n| 1. Introduction | employs photosensitizing agents that, when exposed to |  |\n| Immunotherapy has emerged as a groundbreaking therapeutic | light, generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) . The resultant |  |\n| approach that leverages the body’s own immune system to | ROS are instrumental in inducing cell death in both cancerous |  |\n| fight diseases, particularly cancer, autoimmunity, and infectious | cells and infected tissues [5] . |  |\n| diseases [1]. Unlike traditional therapies that directly target the | Light-based immunotherapies utilize two main mechan- |  |\n| disease-causing agents, immunotherapy modulates the | isms: the direct activation of immune cells and the indirect |  |\n| immune system to enhance its ability to recognize and elim- | alteration of the tumor microenvironment (TME) . Direct activa- |  |\n| inate abnormal or foreign cells. In recent years, the integration | tion entails the application of light-sensitive agents or com- |  |\n| of light-based technologies with immunotherapy has signifi- | pounds that, upon exposure to particular wavelengths, can |  |\n| cantly enhanced the precision and efficacy of these treatments. | either eliminate target cells or activate immune cells, including |  |\n| This novel approach, often referred to as light-based immu- | dendritic cells, macrophages, and T-cells. This focused immune |  |\n| notherapy or photomedicine, utilizes specific wavelengths of | response reduces harm to adjacent healthy tissues, presenting |  |\n| light to activate or modulate immune responses, offering a | a notable benefit compared to traditional therapeutic |  |\n| promising frontier in personalized medicine [2]. | approaches [6] . |  |\n| The application of light for therapeutic reasons, referred to | Indirect modulation refers to the modification of the tumor |  |\n| as phototherapy (PT), has a long history, with documentation | microenvironment (TME), which frequently exhibits immuno- |  |\n| indicating its use in the treatment of skin conditions like | suppressive characteristics that enable tumors to","cbCaivfqRa3MOlbg","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaivfqRa3MOlbg","pdf",901153,"English","# Introduction\n# Light-based immunotherapies: direct activation and indirect TME modulation\n## Photodynamic immunotherapy (PDIT)\n## Photothermal therapy (PTT)\n## Optogenetic control of immune responses","[{\"question\":\"What are the two main mechanisms behind light-based immunotherapy?\",\"answer\":\"Light-based immunotherapy primarily uses direct activation of immune cells and indirect modulation of the tumor microenvironment (TME).\"},{\"question\":\"Which light-based technologies are highlighted in the article?\",\"answer\":\"The article highlights photodynamic immunotherapy (PDIT) and photothermal therapy (PTT), along with optogenetic tools for precise immune control.\"},{\"question\":\"How can optogenetics improve immune modulation?\",\"answer\":\"Optogenetic tools can precisely control T-cell receptor activation, cytokine release, and the activity of other immune effector cells.\"}]","Light-based technologies in immunotherapy - advances, mechanisms and applications | PDF",1790196745,23]