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It frames collaboration as one option among sourcing strategies and analyzes four approaches: build, collaborate, outsource, and refer. The report examines trade-offs using a model that moves beyond “build or buy,” and develops strategic frames to explain coordination, transaction costs, path dependency, and principal-agent control in local decision-making environments.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/library-collaboration-as-a-strategic-choice-evaluating-options-for-acquiring-capacity/585715/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/library-collaboration-as-a-strategic-choice-evaluating-options-for-acquiring-capacity/585715.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Riley West","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-05","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":29},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What capacities do academic libraries need to acquire, according to the report?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Academic libraries need to acquire capacities such as expertise, services, and infrastructure to carry out their missions effectively.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What are the four library sourcing options discussed in the report?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The report analyzes four options: build, collaborate, outsource, and refer, and compares their trade-offs.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Which strategic frames are used to explain collaboration decisions?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The report uses strategic frames including collective action (coordination), transaction costs (costs), path dependency (change), and principal-agent (control).","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},585715,1792189682,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":29,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":36,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},1099523885074,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc","OCLC RESEARCH REPORT | AUGUST 2022  \nLibrary Collaboration as a Strategic Choice: Evaluating Options for Acquiring Capacity  \nBrian Lavoie  \nLibrary Collaboration as a Strategic Choice: Evaluating Options for Acquiring Capacity  \nBrian Lavoie  \nSenior Research Scientist  \n© 2022 OCLC.  \nThis work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.  \n[http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)  \nAugust 2022  \nOCLC Research Dublin, Ohio 43017 USA  \n[www.oclc.org](www.oclc.org)  \nISBN: 978-1-55653-263-4  \nDOI: 10.25333/mt16-0c57  \nOCLC Control Number: 1338314780  \nORCID iDs  \nBrian Lavoie, OCLC Research   [http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7173-8753](http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7173-8753)  \n[Please direct correspondence to:](Please direct correspondence to:)  \nOCLC Research  \n[oclcresearch@oclc.org](oclcresearch@oclc.org)  \n[Suggested citation:](Suggested citation:)  \nLavoie, Brian. 2022. Library Collaboration as a Strategic Choice: Evaluating Options for Acquiring Capacity.  \nDublin, OH: OCLC Research. [https://doi.org/10.25333/mt16-0c5](https://doi.org/10.25333/mt16-0c57)[7](https://doi.org/10.25333/mt16-0c57).  \nCONTENTS  \n[Preface ............................................................................................... vi](Preface ............................................................................................... vi)  \nExecutive Summary .......................................................................... vii  \nIntroduction—Library Collaboration is a Strategic Choice................. 1  \nFour Sourcing Options and their Trade-Offs ...................................... 5  \nA model of common sourcing strategies: moving beyond “build or buy”............5  \nSourcing option: Build ........................................................................................6  \nSourcing option: Collaborate .............................................................................6  \nSourcing option: Outsource...............................................................................6  \nSourcing option: Refer .......................................................................................6  \nSome observations on the sourcing model....................................................... 7  \nManaging trade-offs in sourcing choices................................................................8  \nConsiderations for evaluating trade-offs ......................................................... 10  \nTrying to be everything at once means being second best at everything..... 12  \nFactors shaping the local decision-making environment .................................... 14  \nStrategic Frames for Collaboration ...................................................15  \nCollective Action—Coordination ........................................................................... 16  \nTransaction Costs—Costs ...................................................................................... 19  \nPath Dependency—Change ................................................................................... 21  \nPrincipal-Agent—Control .......................................................................................23  \nConclusion ........................................................................................ 26  \nAcknowledgments ............................................................................ 27  \nNotes ................................................................................................. 28  \nFIGURE S  \nFIGURE 1 Four sourcing strategies for libraries: build, collaborate, outsource, refer........................ 5  \nFIGURE 2 Strategic frames for the collaboration option.................................................................... 16  \nTABLE S  \nTABLE 1.1 Process: A list of key sourcing considerations....................................................10  \nTABLE 1.2 Values: A list of key sourcing considerations.......","cbCaiue6auGJeSO6","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiue6auGJeSO6","pdf",1096665,"English","# Executive Summary\n# Introduction—Library Collaboration is a Strategic Choice\n# Four Sourcing Options and their Trade-Offs\n## A model of common sourcing strategies: moving beyond “build or buy”\n## Sourcing option: Build\n## Sourcing option: Collaborate\n## Sourcing option: Outsource\n## Sourcing option: Refer\n## Some observations on the sourcing model\n## Managing trade-offs in sourcing choices\n## Considerations for evaluating trade-offs\n# Strategic Frames for Collaboration\n## Collective Action—Coordination\n## Transaction Costs—Costs\n## Path Dependency—Change\n## Principal-Agent—Control\n# Conclusion\n# Acknowledgments\n# Notes","[{\"question\":\"What capacities do academic libraries need to acquire, according to the report?\",\"answer\":\"Academic libraries need to acquire capacities such as expertise, services, and infrastructure to carry out their missions effectively.\"},{\"question\":\"What are the four library sourcing options discussed in the report?\",\"answer\":\"The report analyzes four options: build, collaborate, outsource, and refer, and compares their trade-offs.\"},{\"question\":\"Which strategic frames are used to explain collaboration decisions?\",\"answer\":\"The report uses strategic frames including collective action (coordination), transaction costs (costs), path dependency (change), and principal-agent (control).\"}]","Library Collaboration as a Strategic Choice - Evaluating Options for Acquiring Capacity | PDF",1792055631,101]