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It argues that “innocuous” practices promoting group harmony can embed liberal ideologies that shape understandings of democratic citizenship beyond intended limits. The study outlines participants and methodology, then presents findings across two parts and concludes with implications for democratic education amid global interdependence and Cuban change.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/liberal-practices-in-a-global-world-stumbling-blocks-for-democratic-citizenship-education/596578/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/liberal-practices-in-a-global-world-stumbling-blocks-for-democratic-citizenship-education/596578.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Muffet","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":44},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What unexpected challenge did the authors encounter in Cuba-related learning experiences?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"They found that dominant forms of liberal thinking were harder to challenge than anticipated for the Canadian participants.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How does the paper connect cultural liberalism to democratic citizenship education?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"It argues that liberal ideologies tied to everyday practices such as facilitating group harmony can shape democratic citizenship understandings beyond those original educational parameters.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What role does deliberation play in the authors’ argument?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The authors propose deliberation as a way to loosen the grip of entrenched liberal beliefs and enable deeper democratic learning.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},596578,1792166037,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":44,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},962090768927,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_085a072bc5b1113ac321206ff7593b45","Liberal Practices in a Global World: Stumbling Blocks for Democratic Citizenship Education  \nCatherine Chaput  \nUniversity of Nevada, Reno  \nMichael O’Sullivan  \nBrock University  \nAbstract  \nReflecting on our efforts to provide Canadian university students with a transformative learning experience in Cuba, we were surprised to find that dominant forms of liberal thinking were more difficult to challenge than was anticipated. This paper explores this phenomenon and offers deliberation as a means toward lessening the stronghold of such beliefs. It begins with a sketch of our group participants and an explanation of our methodology, alongside the theory of cultural liberalism that frames the study. This is followed by a two-part description of our findings, suggesting that the liberal ideologies accompanying such innocuous practices as facilitating group harmony filter into understandings of democratic citizenship well beyond such parameters. We end with a tentative conclusion about the possibilities for democratic education in the increasingly complicated space of global interdependence and Cuban transformation in that space.  \nCanadian Journal of Education / Revue canadienne de l’éducation 36:3 (2013)©2013 Canadian Society for the Study of Education/ Société canadienne pour l’étude de l’éducation  \n[www.cje-rce.ca](www.cje-rce.ca)  \nPrécis  \nLes opinions des seize participants canadiens qui nous ont accompagnés lors d’un programme d’étude de deux semaines à Cuba, étaient souvent polarisées à l’intérieur d’un spectre de réponses. Un étudiant, Bill, a maintenu une opinion polarisée, ne déviant jamais de son extrême enthousiasme concernant la révolution cubaine et ses succès. Le reste des étudiants a migré entre deux pôles, s’y situant à des moments différents et au sujet de questions différentes. Sans délibération critique, la tolérance d’un tel flottement tend vers un comportement peu libéral, une position adoptée par un autre étudiant qui, pour expliquer son refus de facto de discuter des phénomènes dont nous avons été témoins, a déclaré: « Nous [c’est-à-dire, les Canadiens] avons fait ce que nous avonsfait et cela fonctionne pour nous. Ils [les Cubains] ont fait ce qu’ils ont fait. Ça fonctionne pour eux » (Paul, communication personnelle, le 22 août 2008) . Stuart Hall (1986) explique que ce libéralisme est maintenant inscrit dans nos comportements quotidiens, même chez ceux qui ne considèrent pas comme libéraux. Hall affirme que le libéralisme, pour de nombreuses personnes, sert de «façon évidente à faire la part des choses—« ce que tout le monde sait » » (p. 35) . Bien que souvent sceptiques, les libéraux ont l’esprit ouvert, ils embrassent l’individualisme et la liberté, et sont attachés à une économie del’entreprise privée basée sur la concurrence et la méritocratie. En ce sens, le libéralisme propose une théorie cohérente quant aux pratiques de l’éducation démocratique (Brighouse et Swift, 2003) de telle sorte qu’il nous permet d’exprimer nos propres identités (nationales, ethniques ou culturelles) et de gérer ces différences entre piliers jumeaux que sont l’acceptation et la concurrence.  \nCanadian Journal of Education / Revue canadienne de l’éducation 36:3 (2013) [www.cje-rce.ca](www.cje-rce.ca)  \nIntroduction  \nStuart Hall (1986) explains that cultural liberalism has become conditioned into our everyday behaviours. For many people, such liberalism, even for those who do not consider themselves under this nomenclature, serves as the “obvious way of making sense of things—‘what everybody knows’”(p. 35). Although often skeptical, cultural liberals are open-minded, committed to individualism and freedom, and wedded to a private-enterprise economy based on competition and meritocracy. This type of liberalism seems to offer a useful theory for practices of democratic education (Brighouse & Swift, 2003) such that it allows us to express our individual identities (national, ethnic, or cultural) and manage those differences t","cbCaitBui4IYoT7V","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaitBui4IYoT7V","pdf",260370,26,"English","# Abstract\n## Précis\n## Introduction","[{\"question\":\"What unexpected challenge did the authors encounter in Cuba-related learning experiences?\",\"answer\":\"They found that dominant forms of liberal thinking were harder to challenge than anticipated for the Canadian participants.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the paper connect cultural liberalism to democratic citizenship education?\",\"answer\":\"It argues that liberal ideologies tied to everyday practices such as facilitating group harmony can shape democratic citizenship understandings beyond those original educational parameters.\"},{\"question\":\"What role does deliberation play in the authors’ argument?\",\"answer\":\"The authors propose deliberation as a way to loosen the grip of entrenched liberal beliefs and enable deeper democratic learning.\"}]","Liberal Practices in a Global World - Stumbling Blocks for Democratic Citizenship Education | PDF",1792083336,66]