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Using a distributional method, four-word lexical bundles were extracted from an oral French corpus and compared with bundles in textbook dialogues. Results from an independent-samples t test show higher lexical bundle frequency in the oral corpus, including more stance and referential bundles. Implications discuss increasing formulaic language in A2 materials and adding more authentic language across levels.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/lexical-bundles-in-the-dialogues-of-beginner-french-textbooks/595770/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/lexical-bundles-in-the-dialogues-of-beginner-french-textbooks/595770.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Fans","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":39},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Why is input important for second language development in this study?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The study emphasizes evidence that learners’ development is sensitive to the quality and quantity of input, and that textbooks often serve as the most significant input source in many learning contexts.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How were lexical bundles extracted and compared?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The study used a distributional approach to extract four-word lexical bundles from an oral corpus of French and compared them with lexical bundles in A1–B1 textbook dialogue corpora.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What were the key findings about formulaic language in textbooks?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"An independent-samples t test found that the oral corpus had a significantly higher average number of lexical bundles per 100,000 words than the textbook corpus, including more stance and referential bundles.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},595770,1792166040,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":39,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},5909892330395,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","J’ai l’impression que:  \nLexical Bundles in the Dialogues of Beginner French Textbooks  \nNathan Vandeweerd  \nUniversité catholique de Louvain  \nMerel Keijzer  \nUniversity of Groningen  \nAbstract  \nFormulaic language is notoriously difficult for second language learners of French to master (Edmonds, 2014; Forsberg, 2010) . Yet, no study has examined formulaic language in French textbooks despite the fact that in many contexts, textbooks represent a significant proportion of the input that learners receive. The current study addresses this gap. Using a distributional approach (as used in Biber, Conrad, & Cortes, 2004), four-word lexical bundles were extracted from an oral corpus of French. The average number of lexical bundles in oral corpus utterances was compared to the average number of bundles in a corpus of A1-B1 level textbook dialogues. An independent samples t test showed that the average number of lexical bundles per 100,000 words was significantly higher in texts from the oral corpus than the textbook corpus. The average number of stance and referential lexical bundles was also revealed to be higher in the oral corpus. Implications for textbook design are discussed, such as increasing the amount of formulaic language in A2 level textbooks and incorporating more authentic language into textbooks.  \nRésumé  \nLa maîtrise du langage formulaïque constitue un défi majeur pour les apprenants du français langue seconde (Edmonds, 2014 ; Forsberg, 2010). Néanmoins, aucune étude n’a examiné le langage formulaïque dans les manuels de français langue seconde, malgré le fait qu’ilsreprésentent une proportion importante de l’input que les apprenants reçoivent. La présente étude vise à combler cette lacune. Nous avons utilisé une approche distributionnelle (comme ont utilisé Biber, Conrad et Cortes, 2004) pour extraire des groupes lexicaux de quatre mots à partir d’un corpus oral de français. Nous avons ensuite comparé le nombre moyen de groupes lexicaux dans les énoncés oraux et dans les dialogues dans les manuels A1-B1 . Lenombre moyen de groupes lexicaux pour 100 000 mots était plus élevé dans le corpus oral comparé au corpus de manuels et un test t pour échantillons indépendants a révélé que cette différence était significative. Le corpus oral contenait aussi une plus grande proportion de groupes lexicaux de types positionnel et référentiel. Nous traitons des implications que cela engendre pour la conception de manuels, notamment l’augmentation du langage formulaïque au niveau A2 et l’incorporation du langage authentique à tous les niveaux.  \nCanadian Journal of Applied Linguistics: 21, 2 (2018) : 80-101  \nCJAL * RCLA 81  \nJ’ai l’impression que:  \nLexical Bundles in the Dialogues of Beginner French Textbooks  \nIntroduction  \nEvidence continues to show the importance of input to second language (L2) development. Proponents of a usage-based theory of L2 development argue that learners are sensitive to the quality and quantity of input they receive (Ellis & Larsen-Freeman, 2009). In many foreign language-learning situations, the textbook is the most significant source of linguistic input for learners, so great care should be taken in the design of coursebook materials. Unfortunately, recent research has shown that most textbooks are not successful in helping students to acquire language (Tomlinson, 2016). Tomlinson (2016) argued that one reason that textbooks fall short in this regard is that they do not provide rich, authentic input reflective of the target language.  \nResearch has also continued to show that a large proportion of speech is composed of relatively fixed expressions that have become conventionalized in a speech community. Formulaic language (FL) accounts for up to one third of spoken French, for instance (Forsberg, 2010) . In addition, FL has been shown to be important in discourse organization (Erman & Warren, 2000; Granger & Paquot, 2008) and in achieving native-like accuracy (Pawley & Syder, 1983) and fluency (Kuip","cbCaikX14jeLKAe3","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaikX14jeLKAe3","pdf",327629,22,"English","# Abstract\n## Introduction\n## Theoretical Background\n### A Usage-Based Framework","[{\"question\":\"Why is input important for second language development in this study?\",\"answer\":\"The study emphasizes evidence that learners’ development is sensitive to the quality and quantity of input, and that textbooks often serve as the most significant input source in many learning contexts.\"},{\"question\":\"How were lexical bundles extracted and compared?\",\"answer\":\"The study used a distributional approach to extract four-word lexical bundles from an oral corpus of French and compared them with lexical bundles in A1–B1 textbook dialogue corpora.\"},{\"question\":\"What were the key findings about formulaic language in textbooks?\",\"answer\":\"An independent-samples t test found that the oral corpus had a significantly higher average number of lexical bundles per 100,000 words than the textbook corpus, including more stance and referential bundles.\"}]","Lexical Bundles in the Dialogues of Beginner French Textbooks | PDF",1792081829,55]