[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-492925-105":3,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":81,"doc-detail-492925-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":74,"head_meta":76,"extra_data":78,"updated_unix":80},105,"en","lesson-8-possession","LESSON 8 - Possession","","Lesson 8 explains possessive pronouns, how possession is marked on nouns and adjectives, and why possession can be complex and variable in language. It introduces key vocabulary and suffixes such as the possessive/owning suffix -gu (dative), shows simple possession with examples and sentence patterns, and covers cases where possession is not explicitly expressed. The lesson also introduces inalienable possession, contrasting body-related and personal items with English usage.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/exam/","Exam",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/lesson-8-possession/492925/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/lesson-8-possession/492925.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"jayni","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-04","2026-10-01",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",10,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"What possessive elements does the lesson introduce in Lesson 8?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"The lesson introduces possessive pronouns, possessive nouns formed with -gu, and notes complexities in how possession may be shown, omitted, or expressed differently than in English.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"How are possessive nouns formed in Gamilaraay in this lesson?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"Possessive nouns are formed by adding -gu to the basic noun, as shown by examples like “The man’s emu” and “The girl’s car.”",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"What is inalienable possession, and how does it differ from English?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"Inalienable possession refers to patterns where possessive forms may not indicate ownership, especially for body parts and some personal items. The lesson contrasts English sentences like “The boy’s leg is broken” with Aboriginal-language patterns such as “table leg” without an extra possession marker.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},492925,1790931357,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,95,100,105,110,115,120,123,126],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":93,"slug":94},70,"exam",{"id":96,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":97,"show_sort_weight":98,"slug":99},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":101,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":102,"show_sort_weight":103,"slug":104},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":106,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":107,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":118,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":121,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":122},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":55,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":55,"slug":125},"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":96,"slug":129},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":131},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":132,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":33,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},3985747859343,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","LESSON 8  \nPossession  \nIn this lesson, we look at some possessive pronouns, at the marking of possession on nouns and adjectives, and at some of the complexities associated with the idea of possession.  \nVocabulary  \n\n| Garay | Words |\n| --- | --- |\n| warraya | stand! |\n| galiyaya! | climb! |\n| ngay | my |\n| nginu | your(s)(1) |\n| ngurungu | his/her(s)/its |\n| gulaban | chair |\n| dhuwadi | shirt |\n| gayrr | name |\n| malawil | shadow |\n| yira | teeth |\n| yaamanda? | yaama nginda* |\n| -gu | *possessive/owning suffix (Dative) |\n\n*The phrase yaama nginda (question you(1)) is often abbreviated toyaamanda. It begins a question to which the answer is usually yes or no. Common translations include: ‘Are you? Do you? Did you? Will you?’(see the Dictionary, p. 292) . The abbreviated pronoun =nda occurs with  \nWiiDHAA  \nother sentence initial words such as dhalaa ‘where(at)’. =nda is common on words that finish with a and u and rarer with other words. Remember, the ‘=’ means this generally goes on the first word of the sentence or clause.  \n*The possessive suffix on standard nouns and pronouns is -gu. For the present always use that form. There is some variation in the form of this suffix in the sources. The proper name possessive is-ngu, but you do not need to use that.  \nAnother name for this suffix is the Dative suffix. Dative has to do with‘giving to’, and you will see this use of the suffix in later lessons.  \nThis lesson has a limited amount of new material, and is a good opportunity to revise previous vocabulary and concepts. As well as using the new material in simple sentences incorporate it in negative (gamil) and question sentences.  \nGrammar  \nSimple possession  \nThis section has possessive pronouns (like English ‘my’ and ‘your’) and possessive nouns (like English ‘child’s’) . Gamilaraay possessive words can, and mostly do, come after the noun, like adjectives. Here are some examples of possessive pronouns:  \ndhinawan ngay emu my my emu  \nwilbaarr nginu car your(1 person) your(1) car  \ngulaban ngurungu  \nchair his/her her/his chair  \nDhalaa dhinawan ngay?  \nWhere is my emu?  \nLesson 8. PossessIon  \nGundhidha nginu.  \nhouse-at your(1)  \nAt your house.  \nYananga schoolgu ngurungu.  \nGo to her/his school.  \nPossessive nouns are formed by adding-gu to the basic noun.  \nDhinawan giwiirr-gu.  \nThe man’s emu.  \nWilbaarr miyay-gu.  \nThe girl’s car.  \nPossessive pronouns and nouns are like adjectives in that they most commonly follow immediately after the noun, but they can be separated from it, and occasionally occur before of the noun. Separation of the noun and possessive is common when a pronoun takes second position.  \nGulabanda nginda guniigu ngarrinyi. Chair-on you(1) mum-of sit-past.‘You sat on mum’s chair.’  \nPossession is a complex and variable area of language – sometimes it is explicitly shown: my book, but at other times not: ‘Here comes mum’(my/our mum) . While these things vary subtly within languages, introductory courses necessarily take a fairly simple approach. Often Gamilaraay does not use possessives where English would (my hand, my mother) . Sometimes the possessive pronoun is omitted entirely (Bayn mara (hand sore) = ‘My hand is sore’) or the simple pronoun is used (Bayn mara ngaya (hand sore I) = ‘my hand is sore’/‘I have a sore hand’) . For more information about pronouns, see the Dictionary, pp. 286ff.  \n1. Wiyayl ngay.  \npen my  \nMy pen.  \n2(a) . Nhalay wiyayl ngay. pen this my This is my pen.  \nWiiDHAA  \n2(b) . Yaama ngay, nhalay wiyayl? question my, this pen Is this pen mine? 2(c) . Gamil ngay, wiyayl nhama.  \nnot mine, pen that.  \nThat pen is not mine.  \n3(a) . Yananhigiidjaa, dhinggaaga nginu.  \nwalked ant meat-on your  \nThe ant walked on your meat.  \n3(b) . Gamildhinggaaga nginu yananhigiidjaa.  \nnot meat-on your walked ant  \nThe ant did not walk on your meat. /  \nIt wasn’t your meat the ant walked on.  \n4. Yaama nginda wiyayl wiima-li man.gaga ngay?  \nYaamanda wiyayl nginu wiima-li man.gaga ngay?  \nqu","cbCaio8eig6BX1RZ","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaio8eig6BX1RZ","pdf",7514177,11,"English","# Simple possession\n## Possessive pronouns and nouns\n## Possession complexity and omission\n# Inalienable possession\n## Body parts and personal items\n## Comparison to English and other languages\n# More examples","[{\"question\":\"What possessive elements does the lesson introduce in Lesson 8?\",\"answer\":\"The lesson introduces possessive pronouns, possessive nouns formed with -gu, and notes complexities in how possession may be shown, omitted, or expressed differently than in English.\"},{\"question\":\"How are possessive nouns formed in Gamilaraay in this lesson?\",\"answer\":\"Possessive nouns are formed by adding -gu to the basic noun, as shown by examples like “The man’s emu” and “The girl’s car.”\"},{\"question\":\"What is inalienable possession, and how does it differ from English?\",\"answer\":\"Inalienable possession refers to patterns where possessive forms may not indicate ownership, especially for body parts and some personal items. The lesson contrasts English sentences like “The boy’s leg is broken” with Aboriginal-language patterns such as “table leg” without an extra possession marker.\"}]","LESSON 8 - Possession | PDF",1790872314,28]