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Subnational Government Capacities and the Pace of Implementation of Contentious Policies","","Mexico’s 2013 implementation of mandatory teacher assessments formed part of federal education reforms intended to improve the quality of state-run schooling. These reforms triggered strong opposition from key stakeholders. Using a policy-capacities framework, the study examines how subnational human-resource, fiscal, and repressive capacities relate to the pace of implementing the teacher-assessment requirement in Mexico. Statistical panel analyses cover 2015–2017 and show human-resource and fiscal capacities align with higher shares of evaluated teachers, while repressive capacities show no meaningful effect.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/lento-or-presto-subnational-government-capacities-and-the-pace-of-implementation-of-contentious-policies-602063/602063/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/lento-or-presto-subnational-government-capacities-and-the-pace-of-implementation-of-contentious-policies-602063/602063.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"acoobca","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-04","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":24},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What policy issue does the article study in Mexico?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It examines how subnational government capacities affect the pace of implementing contentious policies tied to mandatory teacher assessments in Mexico.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Which types of subnational capacities are evaluated?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The study assesses human resources, fiscal resources, and repressive capacities as three categories of policy capacity relevant to implementation speed.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What do the statistical results show about implementation pace?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Human-resource and fiscal capacities are associated with higher proportions of evaluated teachers, while repressive capacities do not appear relevant for that outcome.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},602063,1792189703,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":24,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},3985747870733,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd","| education policy analysis archives\u003Cbr>A peer-reviewed, independent, open access, multilingual journal | \u003Cbr>Arizona State University |\n| --- | --- |\n| Volume 29 Number 107 August 23 , 2021 ISSN 1068-2341 |  |\n\nLento or Presto? Subnational Government Capacities and the Pace of Implementation of Contentious Policies  \nJavier Rojas  \nRabdan Academy  \nUnited Arab Emirates  \n&  \nAldo F. Ponce  \nCentro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas (CIDE-Mexico City)  \nMexico  \nCitation: Rojas, J., & Ponce A. F. (2021). Lento or presto? Subnational government capacities and the pace of implementation of contentious policies. Education Policy Analysis Archives, 29(107) .  \n[https://doi.org/10.14507/epaa.29.5697](https://doi.org/10.14507/epaa.29.5697)  \nAbstract: Mexico’s implementation of mandatory teacher assessments in 2013 was part of a group of federal reforms aimed at enhancing the quality of state-run education. Thereforms elicited strong opposition from key stakeholders. Building on the idea that policy capacities are the set of capabilities necessary to perform policy functions, we examine the effect of subnational government capacities on the pace of implementation of the mandatory teacher assessment in Mexico, a country with one of the most powerful teachers’ unions in the world. After conducting statistical analyses based on panel data encompassing information on subnational government capacities from 2015 to 2017, we find that while subnational governments’ human resources and fiscal capacities are associated with higher proportions of evaluated teachers, repressive capacities do not seem relevant for this purpose. Our research offers valuable lessons for policy makers in terms of recognizing adequate resource allocation and predicting the speed of policy implementation, even in contexts of significant opposition.  \nKeywords: education reform; teacher assessment; high-stakes assessment; monitoring and evaluation; Mexico; subnational government capacities  \n¿Lento o presto? Las capacidades de los gobiernos subnacionales y el ritmo de implementación de políticas contenciosas  \nResumen: La implementación de evaluaciones obligatorias a los docentes en México en 2013 fue parte de un grupo de reformas del gobierno federal diseñadas para mejorar la calidad de la educación pública. Las reformas desencadenaron una oposición significativa entre las principales partes afectadas. Partiendo de la idea de que las capacidades de políticas son un conjunto de capacidades necesarias para ejecutar políticas públicas, examinamos el efecto de las capacidades de los gobiernos subnacionales en el ritmo de la implementación de evaluaciones obligatorias a los docentes en México, un país con uno delos sindicatos magisteriales más poderosos del mundo. Tras realizar análisis estadísticosbasados en datos de panel que abarcan información de las capacidades de políticas de los gobiernos subnacionales de 2015 a 2017, hallamos que, si bien las capacidades en materia de recursos humanos y fiscales de los gobiernos subnacionales se asocian con una mayor proporción de docentes evaluados, las capacidades de represión no parecen relevantes para este propósito. Nuestra investigación ofrece lecciones valiosas a los formuladores de políticas públicas respecto al reconocimiento de la importancia de la asignación debida de recursos y para la predicción de la velocidad de la ejecución de las políticas públicas, incluso en contextos de oposición significativa.  \nPalabras-clave: reforma educativa; evaluación docente; evaluación del alto impacto; monitoreo y evaluación; México; capacidades de gobierno subnacionales  \n¿Lento o presto? As capacidades dos governos subnacionais e o ritmo de implementação de políticas contenciosas  \nResumo: A implementação de avaliações docentes obrigatórias no México em 2013 fez parte de um grupo de reformas do governo federal destinadas a melhorar a qualidade daeducação pública. As reformas desencadearam uma oposição significativa entre as pri","cbCaim4RRfzNL0H2","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaim4RRfzNL0H2","pdf",402410,22,"English","# Abstract\n## Key question and policy-capacities framework\n## Methods and data (panel, 2015–2017)\n## Findings and policy implications","[{\"question\":\"What policy issue does the article study in Mexico?\",\"answer\":\"It examines how subnational government capacities affect the pace of implementing contentious policies tied to mandatory teacher assessments in Mexico.\"},{\"question\":\"Which types of subnational capacities are evaluated?\",\"answer\":\"The study assesses human resources, fiscal resources, and repressive capacities as three categories of policy capacity relevant to implementation speed.\"},{\"question\":\"What do the statistical results show about implementation pace?\",\"answer\":\"Human-resource and fiscal capacities are associated with higher proportions of evaluated teachers, while repressive capacities do not appear relevant for that outcome.\"}]","Lento or Presto? Subnational Government Capacities and the Pace of Implementation of Contentious Policies | PDF",1792093962,55]