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It concludes by describing how the federal idea prevailed through compromise, struggle, and ultimately war, emphasizing an enduring balance between separate 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does the paper connect U.S. constitutional development with the Protestant Episcopal Church?","Question",{"text":62,"@type":63},"It argues there are parallel constitutional procedures in both, including a similar evolution from foundational ideas toward later changes affecting governance and authority.","Answer",{"name":65,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":66},"What role do local self-government and skepticism toward centralized schemes play in the argument?",{"text":67,"@type":63},"The paper claims that founders and church structures favored local self-government, while those remote from centralized power were suspicious of plans that could recreate the evils they escaped.",{"name":69,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":70},"Which events are used to illustrate the struggle between federal authority and state resistance?",{"text":71,"@type":63},"It highlights episodes such as the Whiskey Rebellion, the Nullification Act, Personal Liberty Laws, and how the theory of nullification contributed to the 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UNIVERSITY LIBRABIESPRESERVATION DIVISION  \n# BIBLIOGRAPHIC MICROFORM TARGET\n\nORIGINAL MATERIAL AS FILMED-EXISTING BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD  \nReproductions may not be made without permission trom Columbia UniversityLibraries.              \n## RESTRICTIONS ON USE:\n\nTECHNICAL MICROFORM DATA  \nFILM SIZE:            35mmREDUCTION RATIO:9:1  \nMAGE PLACEMENTAIIA IB IIB  \n              \nDATE FILMED:                  11、INITIALS:↓9                        \n29020  \nFILMED BY PRESERVATION RESOURCES,BETHLEHEM,PA.  \n308  \n# Legislation and Liberalism\n\nByALEXANDER GRISWOLD CUMMINS  \nA PAPER  \nRead before The Club(Protestant Episcopal)January 10th,1927  \nNEW YOR K CITY  \n(Printed by Resolution)  \n# LEGISLATION AND LIBERALISM\n\nVIEWING American life in a cross section one may dis-V   __    -    _   ___-___-1-_cover a tendency toward unconstitutional proceduresin the management of affairs of state and church;a move-ment creating minority groups which disclose in increasingvariety and power undisciplined characteristics.These min-ority groups automatically develop into autocracies.Therelogically follows that questionable asset in our modern pub-lic and religious life,the bureaucracy.  \nThere are many parallelisms between the constitutionalefforts to establish our Federal Government and our so-called National,that is,the Protestant Episcopal Church.Certain striking identities were involved in those constitu-tional procedures which became respectively the Constitu-tion of these United States and the Constitution of the Pro-testant Episcopal Church in the United States.Changesfrom the foundation ideas and ideals have taken place,somebeneficent,some of questionable values in both.  \nIn the 18th Century a government in which the sovereignpowers of state were to be divided,part being under thecontrol of a state and part under the direction of a centralgovernment was practically unknown.  \nThe same may be said of the Protestant EpiscopalChurch,wherein cooperative action of Dioceses,following state lines,created a government by General Convention.All clergy be-came constitutional officers.The laity became an integralfactor in the conduct of affairs of Church,affecting doctrineas well as discipline.The Diocese was secured in its pe-culiar rights together with inalienable rights in General Con-vention.To the diocese was given the privilege of choosingby clerical and lay franchise,a Bishop—and surroundinghim with constitutional and canonical checks and balances—making him,so far as disciplinary and executive functionsare concerned,a constitutional officer serving with otherelected constitutional officers.  \nThe founders of the original thirteen colonies came hitherto escape the operation of strongly centralized governmentsin which they had no voice,either in state or church.  \nThey were individualists.Being remote from the rest ofthe world they became attached to local institutions.Withthem the idea of local self government prospered andbrought forth valuable fruits.  \nNaturally such men were suspicious of schemes,plans orprograms that might reproduce in the new the evils fromwhich they had escaped when they fled from the old world.  \nThe fundamental principles which united all patriots andall right thinking churchmen as well,in resisting foreign ag-gression,were set forth vividly in the Declaration of Inde-pendence.Concepts of self government are found in stateConstitutions,embodying the ideas of the Declaration of In-dependence.The Revolutionary War created the necessityfor political and ecclesiastical union.Both state and churchwere afflicted with Tories,with whom the patriots were in  \nBy ALEXANDER G.CUMMINS  \nconstant conflict.The future church faced difficulties morebaffling even than those confronting the potential state.Thefuture church for obvious reasons was in straits more evilthan the potential state.  \nThe facts of that great struggle and the tra","cbCaioiDN1nLGHex","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaioiDN1nLGHex","pdf",925929,13,"English","# Legislation and Liberalism\n## Restrictions on Use\n## Technical Microform Data\n## Legislation and Liberalism (Main Text)","[{\"question\":\"How does the paper connect U.S. constitutional development with the Protestant Episcopal Church?\",\"answer\":\"It argues there are parallel constitutional procedures in both, including a similar evolution from foundational ideas toward later changes affecting governance and authority.\"},{\"question\":\"What role do local self-government and skepticism toward centralized schemes play in the argument?\",\"answer\":\"The paper claims that founders and church structures favored local self-government, while those remote from centralized power were suspicious of plans that could recreate the evils they escaped.\"},{\"question\":\"Which events are used to illustrate the struggle between federal authority and state resistance?\",\"answer\":\"It highlights episodes such as the Whiskey Rebellion, the Nullification Act, Personal Liberty Laws, and how the theory of nullification contributed to the Civil War.\"}]","Legislation and Liberalism - A Paper | PDF",1789966794]