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The article applies legal analysis alongside social science evidence to outline challenges that educators may raise regarding VAM use. It also examines how VAM data could be used as evidence in legal claims by students about access to educational opportunity.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/legal-issues-in-the-use-of-student-test-scores-and-valueadded-models-vam-to-determine-educational-quality-special-issue/601653/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/legal-issues-in-the-use-of-student-test-scores-and-valueadded-models-vam-to-determine-educational-quality-special-issue/601653.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"anakgang17","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-27","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":19},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What legal risks does the article associate with using VAM in educator evaluation?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It argues that implementing VAM-based evaluation and accountability programs could generate a wide array of potential legal issues. The focus is on how courts may assess VAM use through statutes, regulations, and relevant case law.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What evidence does the article use to discuss VAM-related legal challenges?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The article uses legal analysis and social science evidence. It explains how social science findings about VAM, together with legal sources, inform likely legal challenges.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How might VAM data be used in students’ legal claims?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The article discusses potential ways VAM data could support legal claims by students or citizens alleging denials of educational opportunity. 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(2013) . Legal issues in the use of student test scores and value-added models (VAM) to determine educational quality. Education Policy Analysis Archives, 21(6) . This article is part of EPAA/AAPE’s Special Issue on Value-Added: What America’s Policymakers Need to Know and Understand, Guest Edited by Dr. Audrey Amrein-Beardsley and Assistant Editors Dr. Clarin Collins, Dr. Sarah Polasky, and Ed Sloat. Retrieved [date], from [http://epaa.asu.edu/ojs/article/view/1160](http://epaa.asu.edu/ojs/article/view/1160) .  \nAbstract: A growing number of states and local schools across the country have adopted educator evaluation and accountability programs based on the use of student test scores and value-added models (VAM) . A wide array of potential legal issues could arise from the implementation of these programs. This article uses legal analysis and social science evidence to discuss potential legal challenges by educators to the use of VAM that should be considered by public policy makers. It also discusses potential ways VAM might be used as evidence in support of legal claims by students concerning access to educational opportunity.  \nKeywords: Law; value-added models (VAM); teacher quality; teacher evaluation; merit pay; testing; accountability  \nCuestiones legales en el uso de resultados de exámenes de estudiantes y modelos de valorañadido (MVA) para determinar calidad educativa  \nResumen: Un número creciente de estados y distritos escolares en todo el país han aprobado  \nJournal website: [http://epaa.asu.edu/ojs/ ](http://epaa.asu.edu/ojs/  Manuscript)[ Manuscript](http://epaa.asu.edu/ojs/  Manuscript) received: 7/3/2012  \nFacebook: /EPAAA Revisions received: 1/19/2013  \nTwitter: @epaa_aape Accepted: 1/19/2013  \nEducation Policy Analysis Archives Vol. 21 No. 6 SPECIAL ISSUE 2  \nprogramas de evaluación docente y rendición de cuentas basados en el uso de resultados de losexámenes de los estudiantes y modelos de valor añadido (MVA) . Una amplia gama de posibles problemas legales pueden derivarse de la aplicación de estos programas. Este artículo utiliza análisis jurídicos para analizar posibles desafíos legales para el uso de MVA que deben ser considerados por los encargados de las políticas públicas. Asimismo, se discute sobre posibles maneras en que MVApueden ser utilizados como pruebas en apoyo de demandas legales de estudiantes relativas a lasoportunidades educativas.  \nPalabras clave: Leyes; modelos de valor añadido (MVA); calidad docente; evaluación docente; pago por mérito; pruebas; la rendición de cuentas.  \nQuestões legais no uso de notas dos exames dos alunos em modelos de valor agregado (MVA) para determinar a qualidade do ensino  \nResumo: Um número crescente de estados e distritos escolares em todo o país aprovaram programas de avaliação de professores e de responsabilização com base na utilização de resultados de testes de estudantes e modelos de valor agregado (MVA) . Uma vasta gama de problemas legais podem surgir a partir da implementação desses programas. Este artigo utiliza a análise jurídica para analisar os potenciais desafios legais para o uso de MVA a ser considerado pelos formuladores de políticas públicas. Também discute maneiras possíveis que MVA possam ser usados por deestudantes em apoio a ações judiciais relativas as oportunidades educacionais.  \nPalavras-chave: Leis; modelos de valor agregado (MVA); qualidade dos professores; avaliaçãodocente; pagamento por mérito; avaliações; prestação de contas.  \nIntroduction  \nThe qu","cbCaipur0VG3R8jF","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaipur0VG3R8jF","pdf",322153,27,"English","# Introduction\n## Legal issues in educator evaluation using student test scores and VAM\n## Potential legal challenges and policy implications","[{\"question\":\"What legal risks does the article associate with using VAM in educator evaluation?\",\"answer\":\"It argues that implementing VAM-based evaluation and accountability programs could generate a wide array of potential legal issues. The focus is on how courts may assess VAM use through statutes, regulations, and relevant case law.\"},{\"question\":\"What evidence does the article use to discuss VAM-related legal challenges?\",\"answer\":\"The article uses legal analysis and social science evidence. It explains how social science findings about VAM, together with legal sources, inform likely legal challenges.\"},{\"question\":\"How might VAM data be used in students’ legal claims?\",\"answer\":\"The article discusses potential ways VAM data could support legal claims by students or citizens alleging denials of educational opportunity. It frames VAM as possible evidence in access-related disputes.\"}]","Legal Issues in the Use of Student Test Scores and Valueadded Models (VAM) to Determine Educational Quality - Special Issue | PDF",1792093176,68]