[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-440804-105":59,"doc-detail-440804-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","left-ventricular-assist-device-infections-from-epidemiology-to-treatment","Left ventricular assist device infections - From epidemiology to treatment","","Left ventricular assist device (LVAD) infections represent among the most frequent and severe complications in patients receiving durable mechanical circulatory support for end-stage heart failure. Driveline infection predominates, while pump or pocket involvement demands more complex management and worsens outcomes. Infection rates span 19% to 39%, with Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci most common. The review summarizes epidemiology, updated definitions, diagnostic tools and treatment strategies, highlighting antimicrobial therapy, selective suppressive antibiotic therapy, optimized imaging, tailored surgical approaches, and preventive device management.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/left-ventricular-assist-device-infections-from-epidemiology-to-treatment/440804/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/left-ventricular-assist-device-infections-from-epidemiology-to-treatment/440804.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Finn","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":39},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What types of LVAD infections are most common and why do they matter clinically?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Driveline infections are the most common. When the pump or pocket is involved, management becomes more complex and outcomes are worse, with infections contributing to higher morbidity and mortality.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Which pathogens and typical infection rates are reported for LVAD infections?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Reported infection rates range from 19% to 39%. Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci are the most frequent pathogens.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What diagnostic and treatment strategies are recommended across bridge-to-transplant and destination therapy patients?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Antimicrobial therapy is the mainstay. PET/CT can improve diagnostic accuracy in suspected deep-seated or ambiguous infections. Surgical strategies (e.g., debridement, VAC therapy, driveline relocation, pump exchange) should be adapted to clinical context, and suppressive antibiotic therapy may be considered when LVAD removal is difficult, though supporting data are limited.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},440804,1790762066,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":39,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":44,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},34359740700684,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/1f400023980c374ae676?_k=1777273430885731487","[https://www.jhltopen.org/](https://www.jhltopen.org/)  \nLeft ventricular assist device infections: From epidemiology to treatment  \nMarta Hernández-Meneses,a Elena Sandoval,b and Marta Farrero,c,⁎  \naInfectious diseases Department, Hospital Clinic-IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain bCardiovascular Surgery Department Hospital Clinic-IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain cHeart Failure Unit, Cardiology Department, Hospital Clinic-IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain  \nKEYWORDS:  \nLVAD Infection; Bridge to transplant; Destination therapy; Suppressive antibiotic therapy  \nBACKGROUND: Infections are among the most frequent and severe complications in patients supported with left ventricular assist devices (LVADs), significantly affecting morbidity, mortality, and transplant candidacy. Driveline infections are the most common, but involvement of the pump or pocket is associated with more complex management and worse outcomes.  \nMETHODS: We conducted a comprehensive narrative review of current literature on LVAD infections, including epidemiology, updated definitions, microbiology, diagnostic tools, and treatment strategies in both bridge-to-transplant and destination therapy patients.  \nRESULTS: Infection rates range from 19% to 39%, with Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci as the most frequent pathogens. PET/CT improves diagnostic accuracy in cases of suspected deep-seated or ambiguous infection. Antimicrobial therapy is the mainstay of treatment. Suppressive antibiotic therapy may be considered as LVAD cannot be removed easily, though data supporting its use are limited. Surgical strategies, such as debridement, VAC therapy, driveline relocation, and pump exchange, should be adapted to the clinical context. Adjunctive options like bacteriophages and cold atmospheric plasma are under investigation. Prevention through optimized surgical technique and driveline management remains essential.  \nCONCLUSIONS: Management of LVAD infections requires individualized, multidisciplinary strategies. Despite technological advances, prevention and early diagnosis remain critical. Further studies are needed to define best practices and reduce infection-related morbidity.  \nJHLT Open 2026;11:100451  \n© Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license ([http://creativecommons.org/licenses/](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/)[ ](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/)[by-nc-nd/4.0/](by-nc-nd/4.0/)) .  \nBackground  \nThe number of patients with advanced heart failure (HF) has grown considerably over the past two decades, while the annual number of heart transplants has remained stable at around  \n⁎Corresponding author: Marta Farrero, MD, PhD, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.  \nE-mail [address:](address: mfarrero@clinic.cat)[ mfarrero@clinic.cat](address: mfarrero@clinic.cat).  \n3500 to 4000 worldwide, mainly due to the ongoing scarcity of donor organs.1–3 This imbalance has led to the progressive adoption of durable mechanical circulatory support as a standard therapeutic option for patients with end-stage HF refractory to conventional medical therapy. Therefore, the implantable left ventricular assist device (LVAD) has become an essential tool in the management of selected patients.1 According to the 14th Annual report from the Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) Interagency for mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support (INTERMACS) 27,493 LVADs  \n2950-1334/© Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license ([http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)).  \n[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhlto.2025.100451](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhlto.2025.100451)  \nwere implanted during 2013–2022, with a growing tren","cbCaivN0xV99Tlfu","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaivN0xV99Tlfu","pdf",2632394,"English","# Background\n# Methods\n# Results\n# Conclusions","[{\"question\":\"What types of LVAD infections are most common and why do they matter clinically?\",\"answer\":\"Driveline infections are the most common. When the pump or pocket is involved, management becomes more complex and outcomes are worse, with infections contributing to higher morbidity and mortality.\"},{\"question\":\"Which pathogens and typical infection rates are reported for LVAD infections?\",\"answer\":\"Reported infection rates range from 19% to 39%. Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci are the most frequent pathogens.\"},{\"question\":\"What diagnostic and treatment strategies are recommended across bridge-to-transplant and destination therapy patients?\",\"answer\":\"Antimicrobial therapy is the mainstay. PET/CT can improve diagnostic accuracy in suspected deep-seated or ambiguous infections. Surgical strategies (e.g., debridement, VAC therapy, driveline relocation, pump exchange) should be adapted to clinical context, and suppressive antibiotic therapy may be considered when LVAD removal is difficult, though supporting data are limited.\"}]","Left ventricular assist device infections - From epidemiology to treatment | PDF",1790693402,23]