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The lecture then tests this popular view against the stricter, more systematic framework of abhidharma, using the Abhidharmakośa of Vasubandhu. It introduces key subtopics such as criteria for substantial reality, analyses of the person, and targeted questions about the abhidharmic view of karma.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":15,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/literature/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/lecture08-what-is-karma-and-how-does-it-ripen/661022/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/lecture08-what-is-karma-and-how-does-it-ripen/661022.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Lucas Martin","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-10-28",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":8},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What does the popular version of karma claim about karmic ripening?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It presents karma as a natural law: actions lead later to pleasant or unpleasant consequences in line with the nature of the action.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How does abhidharma challenge the popular account?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"It is described as aiming for more exact, systematic presentation, ideally avoiding figurative expressions and conceptual shortcuts, so the lecture examines whether the popular law of karma holds under these constraints.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Whose abhidharma analysis of karma does the lecture focus on?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The lecture examines the discussion of karma in Vasubandhu’s Abhidharmakośa, attributed to the fourth century C.E. Indian specialist.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},661022,1793155737,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":14,"category_name":15,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":8,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":129,"read_time":144},8796095360427,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_994ba38a5ba835b3df7d355c54d3ed8d","What is karma and how does it ripen?  \nEighth in a series of lectures presented at Leiden University by Richard Hayes in the autumn of 20091  \n1. Popular version of karma .......................................................................................................... 1  \n2. The rigors of abhidharma .......................................................................................................... 2  \n2.1. Criterion of substantial reality (dravyasat) .......................................................................... 2  \n2.2. Abhidharmic notions of the person ..................................................................................... 3  \n2.3. Four questions for the abhidharmic view of karma .............................................................. 3  \n3. Vasubandhu’s analysis of karma ................................................................................................ 4  \n3.1. Two special kinds of causal factors ..................................................................................... 5  \n3.2. Critique ofprāpti and aprāpti ............................................................................................ 7  \n3.3. Critique of avijñapti rūpa .................................................................................................. 7  \n3.3.1. Arguments for avijñapti rūpa ...................................................................................... 8  \n3.3.2. Critique of the arguments for avijñapti rūpa ................................................................. 8  \n3.4. Transformation of the personal continuum .......................................................................... 9  \n3.5. Summary of Vasubandhu’s analysis of karma .................................................................... 10  \n4. Problems in Vasubandhu’s analysis .......................................................................................... 11  \n5. The “as if” view of karma ....................................................................................................... 12  \nWorks cited ............................................................................................................................... 14  \n1. Popular version of karma  \nAs a popular teaching, the Buddhist doctrine ofkarmic fruition (karmavipāka) is relatively easy to understand and poses few problems. In the popular Buddhist view, the law of karma is a principle of nature, according to which a person who acts in a certain way must later experience consequences that are pleasant or unpleasant, depending upon the nature of the action itself. Geshe Ngawang Dhargyey, a modern Tibetan author, thus explains the law of karma as a special case of the general law of cause and effect.  \nKarmic seeds inevitably ripen in accordance with their cause, i.e., virtue leads to joy, and nonvirtue to sorrow.2  \nAnother modern Tibetan author, Geshe Rabten, states the matter even more forcefully: Just as a seed cannot grow into a plant of a different type, so our actions can only produce actions of their own type. An unvirtuous action can only give rise to suffering, and a positive action can only give rise to happiness. This order can never be mixed up.3  \nAccording to the accounts ofkarmic fruition given by these Buddhists, no emotional state arises by chance or fate or luck; rather, every mood that a living being may have is the natural 1 A more detailed version of this presentation is available in Richard P. Hayes,“The Analysis of Karma in Vasubandhu's System of Abhidharma,” in Hermeneutical Paths to the Sacred Worlds of India, ed. Katherine K. Young,(Atlanta: Scholar's Press, 1994) .  \n2 Geshe Ngawang Dhargyey, Tibetan Tradition of Mental Development: Oral Teachings of a Tibetan Lama,(Dharamsala, India: Library of Tibetan Works & Archives, 1974), 71.  \n3 Geshe Rabten, The Essential Nectar: Meditations on the Buddhist Path: An Explanation of the Lam Rim Text ofYeshe Tsöndrü Entitl","cbCaiawFHrVpaHFl","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiawFHrVpaHFl","pdf",155805,14,"English","# Popular version of karma\n# The rigors of abhidharma\n## Criterion of substantial reality (dravyasat)\n## Abhidharmic notions of the person\n## Four questions for the abhidharmic view of karma","[{\"question\":\"What does the popular version of karma claim about karmic ripening?\",\"answer\":\"It presents karma as a natural law: actions lead later to pleasant or unpleasant consequences in line with the nature of the action.\"},{\"question\":\"How does abhidharma challenge the popular account?\",\"answer\":\"It is described as aiming for more exact, systematic presentation, ideally avoiding figurative expressions and conceptual shortcuts, so the lecture examines whether the popular law of karma holds under these constraints.\"},{\"question\":\"Whose abhidharma analysis of karma does the lecture focus on?\",\"answer\":\"The lecture examines the discussion of karma in Vasubandhu’s Abhidharmakośa, attributed to the fourth century C.E. Indian specialist.\"}]","Lecture08 - What is karma and how does it ripen? | PDF",22]