[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-332313-105":3,"doc-detail-332313-en":81,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":99},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":74,"head_meta":76,"extra_data":78,"updated_unix":80},105,"en","lectins-as-a-promising-therapeutic-agent-for-breast-cancer-a-review","Lectins as a promising therapeutic agent for breast cancer - A review","","Efficient cancer treatment remains challenging due to limitations of radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgery, including non-specific effects, incomplete responses across cancer types, and tumor recurrence. In breast cancer, epidemiological evidence shows a substantial burden in Indian women. This review highlights lectins from diverse natural sources as diagnostic and therapeutic candidates. Lectins can inhibit tumor-cell activities such as neo-angiogenesis, induce G1 cell-cycle arrest, and promote apoptosis via binding to cell-surface glycosylated proteins, with emphasis on glycosylation-related post-translational mechanisms.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & Report",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/lectins-as-a-promising-therapeutic-agent-for-breast-cancer-a-review/332313/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/lectins-as-a-promising-therapeutic-agent-for-breast-cancer-a-review/332313.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Liam","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-15","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",10,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"Why are current breast cancer treatments still limited?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"Radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgery can suffer from non-specific effects, inadequate responsiveness in some cancer types, and tumor recurrence.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"What makes lectins promising for breast cancer diagnostics and therapeutics?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"Lectins can bind to glycosylated proteins expressed on the cell surface and affect cancer-cell behaviors relevant to progression.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"What cancer-cell activities do lectins reportedly inhibit or induce?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"Lectins are associated with inhibitory effects on neo-angiogenesis, G1 phase cell-cycle arrest, and the induction of apoptosis.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},332313,1790153464,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",{"doc_id":79,"user_id":84,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":85,"doc_module":4,"category_id":86,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":87,"file_id":88,"file_url":89,"file_type":90,"file_size":91,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":92,"language":93,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":94,"faqs":95,"seo_title":96,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":97,"read_time":98,"preview_page_count":4},8796095461564,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d",8,"Breast Disease 43 (2024) 193–211 193  \nDOI 10.3233/BD-230047 IOS Press  \nReview  \nLectins as a promising therapeutic agent for breast cancer: A review  \nKeerti Singh†, Lokita Agrawal†, Rhea Gupta†, Divyam Singh, Meghavi Kathpalia and Navkiran Kaur∗ Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India  \nAbstract. Efficient treatment of cancer has been a subject of research by scientists for many years. Current treatments for cancer, such as radiotherapy, chemotherapy and surgery have been used in traditional combination therapy, but they have major setbacks like non-specificity, non-responsiveness in certain cancer types towards treatment, tumor recurrence, etc. Epidemiological data has shown that breast cancer accounts for 14% of cancer cases occurring in Indian women. In recent years, scientists have started to focus on the use of natural compounds like lectins obtained from various sources to counter the side effects of traditional therapy. Lectins like Sambucus nigra Agglutinin, Maackia amurensis lectin, Okra lectins, Haliclona caerulea lectin, Sclerotium rolfsiilectin, etc., have been discovered to have both diagnostic and therapeutic potential for breast cancer patients. Lectins have been found to have inhibitory effects on various cancer cell activities such as neo-angiogenesis, causing cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase, and inducing apoptosis. The major idea behind the use of lectins in cancer diagnostics and therapeutics is their capability to bind toglycosylated proteins that are expressed on the cell surface. This review focuses on an exploration of the roles of post-translational modification in cancer cells, especially glycosylation, and the potential of lectins in cancer diagnosis and therapeutics.  \nKeywords: Cancer, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, surgery, lectins, Sambucus nigra Agglutinin, Maackia amurensis lectin, Okra lectins, Haliclona caerulea lectin, Sclerotium rolfsii lectin, no-angiogenesis, cell cycle, G1 phase, apoptosis, glycosylated proteins, post-translational modification  \n1. Introduction  \nCancer refers to a disease characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of cells and their spreading into surrounding tissues [1] . Cancer cells are abnormal cells that develop as a result of mutations in the DNA or disruptions in the RNA processing of normal cells [2,3] . Cancer cells often closely resemble normal cells [4] and they can evade detection by the immune system by displaying a T-cell inflamed phenotype, which helps them avoid immune system suppressive pathways [5], by disrupting phagocytic clearance [6], by co-expressing CD200 which is a tolerogenic glycoprotein with stem cell markers [7], by downregulating antigen presentation, which helps in evading  \n*  \nCorresponding author: Dr. Navkiran Kaur, Associate Professor Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India. Tel.: +8826332111; E-mail: [navkirank@amity.edu](navkirank@amity.edu).  \n†Authors contributed equally.  \nimmune surveillance and makes them undetectable by antitumor T-cells [8], by reprogramming energy metabolism and changing mevalonate metabolism by activating SERBP-2 and its regulating enzymes [9], by suppressing major histocompatibility complex class 1 antigens [9], and various other mechanisms. Various studies suggest as cells age or become damaged due to various stimuli, they typically undergo apoptosis. But when this process does not take place in a controlled manner, it leads to the accumulation of damaged cells which proliferate and form a colony of their own which  \ncan invade and metastasize to other regions [10] .  \nBreast cancer is the most prevalent type of cancer among women, affecting 1 in 29 Indian women [11] . It is alarming that an Indian woman is diagnosed with breast cancer approximately every two minutes and every nine minutes a woman dies [12] . The incidence of breast cancer is increasing in both rural and urban areas of India. According to the Globocan 2020 data, ","cbCail3A7zPXmPML","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCail3A7zPXmPML","pdf",446793,19,"English","# Introduction\n## Cancer mechanisms and immune evasion\n## Epidemiology of breast cancer (India and global)","[{\"question\":\"Why are current breast cancer treatments still limited?\",\"answer\":\"Radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgery can suffer from non-specific effects, inadequate responsiveness in some cancer types, and tumor recurrence.\"},{\"question\":\"What makes lectins promising for breast cancer diagnostics and therapeutics?\",\"answer\":\"Lectins can bind to glycosylated proteins expressed on the cell surface and affect cancer-cell behaviors relevant to progression.\"},{\"question\":\"What cancer-cell activities do lectins reportedly inhibit or induce?\",\"answer\":\"Lectins are associated with inhibitory effects on neo-angiogenesis, G1 phase cell-cycle arrest, and the induction of apoptosis.\"}]","Lectins as a promising therapeutic agent for breast cancer - A review | PDF",1789997678,48,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":100},[101,105,109,113,118,123,128,131,136,139,142],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":102,"show_sort_weight":103,"slug":104},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":106,"show_sort_weight":107,"slug":108},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":110,"show_sort_weight":111,"slug":112},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":114,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":115,"show_sort_weight":116,"slug":117},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":119,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":120,"show_sort_weight":121,"slug":122},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":124,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":125,"show_sort_weight":126,"slug":127},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":86,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":129,"slug":130},30,"research-report",{"id":132,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":133,"show_sort_weight":134,"slug":135},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":134,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":137,"show_sort_weight":134,"slug":138},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":55,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":140,"show_sort_weight":55,"slug":141},"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":92,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":143,"show_sort_weight":114,"slug":144},"General","general"]