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Results show mosaic histotopography that intensifies in metastases, aligning with increased malignancy and suggesting altered adhesion and migration capabilities.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & 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Submission:06/20/2024 Acceptance:11/07/2024  \nLectin Receptors in Primary and Metastatic Cancer Cells Yevhen Herasymenko 1 *, Kostyantyn Herasymenko2, Ruslan Klimanskyi 1, Oleksandr Herasymenko2  \nAbstract  \nPurpose: The purpose of this study was to detect the distribution of different lectin receptors in primary cancer cells as well as in the case of metastasis, as these biomolecules can potentially predict cancer development in certain tissues and systems. Methods: To detect lectin receptors in tumors, the authors used conjugates of lectins purified by affinity chromatography with peroxidase, and studied their localization in paraffin sections of 12 cases of primary cancer and 33 of its metastases. Result: In primary cancers and their metastases, there is a distinct mosaicity in the histotopography of individual lectins, especially peanut and soybean lectin. Mosaicity increases in metastases, which corresponds to the increase in malignancy of tumour cells. Detected cases of metastases with a decrease in mosaicity may be a sign of their monoclonality or a decrease in their malignancy. The study of lectins in the cells of cancer metastases and their comparison with the primary tumour and with each other suggests that in metastases, as a rule, not only signs of malignancy increase, but also the ability of cells to adhere and migrate. Thus, in the process of tumour growth and metastasis, there is a selection of clones of cells that are more prone to the development of new metastases. Conclusions: It has been revealed that the growth of a primary immature tumour from the epithelium and its metastases is accompanied by sialylation of the surface of tumour cells, which leads to the fact that tumour cells are not recognized by the system of mononuclear phagocytes and this, naturally, contributes to the progression of tumour growth.  \nKeywords: Oncology-tumour progression-sialylation-peroxidase-affinity chromatography  \nAsian Pac J Cancer Prev, 25 (11), 4027-4034  \nIntroduction  \nLectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins that have the ability to recognize and bind to specific sugar moieties found on glycoconjugates molecules consisting of proteins or lipids covalently bonded to carbohydrate chains on the surface of cells. These interactions occur at the molecular level, where lectins identify specific oligosaccharide structures, such as mannose, galactose, or fucose, present on glycoproteins and glycolipids. The carbohydratebinding domains of lectins allow them to form noncovalent interactions with these sugars, which can include hydrogen bonds, van der Waals forces, and hydrophobic interactions. This precise molecular recognition enables lectins to mediate various biological processes, such as cell adhesion, signaling, and immune responses.  \nIn the context of cancer, glycosylation patterns on the surface of tumor cells are often altered. These changes in the glycan structures of glycoconjugates can affect how lectins interact with cancer cells. For instance, sialylation the addition of sialic acid to glycan chains is frequently upregulated in cancer cells, which can shield the cell from immune detection and enhance its invasive  \nproperties. These altered interactions between lectinsand glycoconjugates are critical in cancer progression because they influence key processes such as cell-cell communication, cell migration, and the ability of cancer cells to evade immune surveillance.  \nChanges in lectin-glycoconjugate interactions are closely linked to cancer aggressiveness due to their role in modulating cell behavior. For example, cancer cells with increased levels of specific lectin receptors, such as galectins or selectins, can exhibit enhanced adhesion to the extracellular matrix orto other cells, facilitating metastasis. Additionally, altered glycosylation can promote immune evasion by preventing recognition by immune cells, thereby allowing the tumor to grow and spread unchecked. As a resu","cbCaiukZFNLbMHtb","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiukZFNLbMHtb","pdf",1549841,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction","[{\"question\":\"What was the purpose of this study on lectin receptors?\",\"answer\":\"The study aimed to detect how different lectin receptors are distributed in primary cancer cells and in metastatic lesions to understand their potential role in predicting cancer development.\"},{\"question\":\"How were lectin receptors detected in tumor samples?\",\"answer\":\"Lectin conjugates purified by affinity chromatography and linked with peroxidase were applied to paraffin sections to study lectin localization in primary and metastatic cancer cases.\"},{\"question\":\"What key finding links lectin mosaicity to metastasis and malignancy?\",\"answer\":\"Lectin histotopography shows distinct mosaicity in primary tumors and metastases, and mosaicity increases in metastases, which corresponds to greater malignancy of tumor cells.\"}]","Lectin Receptors in Primary and Metastatic Cancer Cells | PDF",1789995002]