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The study involved one 36-year-old non-swimmer using a single-subject design with baseline, a 13-week intervention, and a 12-month post-intervention phase. The main outcome was a continuous 25-metre freestyle swimming distance goal, which increased to 25 metres after intervention, alongside improved confidence in deep water.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/learning-to-swim-using-video-modelling-and-video-feedback-within-a-self-management-program-article/592477/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/learning-to-swim-using-video-modelling-and-video-feedback-within-a-self-management-program-article/592477.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"McGucket","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-16","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":8},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What program components were used to teach swimming?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The program combined self-management with video modelling and video feedback, supported by accessible, high-quality video technology.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Who participated and what study design was used?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"A single adult participant (a 36-year-old non-swimmer) was studied using a single-subject design with baseline, a 13-week intervention, and a 12-month post-intervention phase.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What outcome was used to measure improvement?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Improvement was measured using a continuous 25-metre swimming distance goal using the freestyle stroke.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},592477,1792116880,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":8,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},1236954412713,"https://us-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0","Australian Journal of Adult Learning Volume 56, Number 1, April 2016  \nLearning to swim using video modelling and video feedback within a self-management program  \nSo-An Lao Brett E. Furlonger Dennis W. Moore Margherita Busacca  \nMonash University  \nAlthough many adults who cannot swim are primarily interested in learning by direct coaching there are options that have a focus on self-directed learning. As an alternative a self-management program combined with video modelling, video feedback and high quality and affordable video technology was used to assess its effectiveness to assisting an adult to develop and practice swimming skills. The participant was a 36 year-old non-swimmer who had previously attempted unsuccessfully to learn to swim on previous occasions. A single subject design with baseline, intervention and 12-month postintervention phase were conducted. Dependent variables included a continuous 25-metre swimming distance goal using the freestyle stroke. After a 13-week intervention phase the continuous swimming distance had increased to 25 metres. For this adult participant, selfmanaged learning proved to be an effective way to learn to swim and greatly improved her confidence around deep water.  \nLearning to swim using video modelling and video feedback within a self-management program 53  \nKeywords: self-management, video, modelling, feedback, swimming, adult  \nIntroduction  \nOn average 290 people die of drowning in Australia each year, of which adults make up 85% of all the drownings (Royal Life Saving, 2011) . However, this figure obscures the numerous unreported near-drowning cases where people were rescued (Australian Medical Association, 2010; Royal Life Saving, 2011). As the majority of the Australian population lives along the coastline, or have easy access to public pools, being able to swim has become an integral part of the Australian lifestyle. Adults who cannot swim not only run a very real risk of drowning but may also feel marginalised if they cannot participate fully in water activities. Learning to swim is a process that not only involves the shaping of a complex motor skill but also a significant amount of practice in order to become proficient (Ericsson, Krampe, & Tesch-Romer, 1993). Typically, an adult who cannot swim undertakes swimming lessons, however, the advent of the Internet, high quality portable video technology combined with programs that aid self-directed learning may provide viable alternatives to direct coaching. The potential for a person to learn how to swim when they cannot access a coach for reasons of cost or availability is of significance. While video feedback is currently used with elite athletes to improve performance little is know of its applicability to non-elite individuals wising to improve swimming skills. Accordingly, it was the aim of this study to examine whether a self-management program that included video modelling and video feedback components would facilitate swimming expertise.  \nA self-management program offers the novice swimmer a structure for self-directed learning (Watson & Tharp, 2014) . The appeal of  \nself-management is that it is inexpensive personally relevant, easily monitored, more likely to promote generalisation, maintenance and independence (Watson & Tharp, 2014) . Self-management also has a lengthy history associated with behaviour change in the domains of sport (Polaha, Allen, & Studley, 2004; Wolko, Hrycaiko & Martin, 1993) and exercise (Flora, 2012; Kau & Fischer, 1974; Miller et al, 2008), although the application of self-management strategies to swimming has received little attention.  \n54 So-An Lao, Brett E. Furlonger, Dennis W. Moore and Margherita Busacca  \nVideo modelling has been a logical extension of the research demonstrating the clinical utility of live modelling procedures (Nelson, Gibson, & Cutting, 1973; Nikopoulos & Keenan, 2006; Rosenthal, 1977) . There is also evidence to support the conclusion that symbolic modelling is ","cbCaicrH8pvYdsNF","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaicrH8pvYdsNF","pdf",203998,17,"English","# Introduction\n## Drowning risk and adult access to swimming instruction\n## Self-management as a structure for self-directed learning\n## Video modelling and video feedback background\n## Technology enabling video modelling and feedback","[{\"question\":\"What program components were used to teach swimming?\",\"answer\":\"The program combined self-management with video modelling and video feedback, supported by accessible, high-quality video technology.\"},{\"question\":\"Who participated and what study design was used?\",\"answer\":\"A single adult participant (a 36-year-old non-swimmer) was studied using a single-subject design with baseline, a 13-week intervention, and a 12-month post-intervention phase.\"},{\"question\":\"What outcome was used to measure improvement?\",\"answer\":\"Improvement was measured using a continuous 25-metre swimming distance goal using the freestyle stroke.\"}]","Learning to swim using video modelling and video feedback within a self-management program - Article | PDF",1792074664,43]