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The study traces the emergence of IT, ICT, and computing as strategic parts of UK compulsory education, including early computer introduction in the 1980s and integration into the national curriculum for England and Wales.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & 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is the main purpose of the paper on computing education in England?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"The paper provides a historical overview of computing education in England from 1970 to 2014, explaining the context that shaped the 2014 curriculum and how teaching shifted toward computer science.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"How did computing education begin in the formal UK school system?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"Formal computing teaching started in the 1970s through additions such as computer studies to GCE examinations for 14–18-year-olds, enabling students to view computing as a career and higher-education subject.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"What major changes occurred around the late 1980s and 1989?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"With the introduction of the first national curriculum in 1989, the focus shifted toward general computer usage, within broader education concerns and goals for higher 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Wohl  \n[b.wohl@arts.ac.uk](b.wohl@arts.ac.uk)  \n1University ofthe Arts London, Creative Computing Institute  \nDOI: 10.21585/ijcses.v7i2.231  \nAbstract:  \nThis paper will present a brief history of computing education in England from 1970 to 2014. It sets out to provide the context which shaped the 2014 computing curriculum. After this curriculum had been in place for almost a decade, the paper provides an opportunity to see how computing skills, including information communications technology (ICT), have been taught in England and how that shifted towards a more computer-science-focused curriculum in 2014. This paper gives a brief overview of how the formal subjects of information technology (IT), ICT, and computing became a strategic part of UK compulsory education. It examines the introduction of computers into schools in the 1980s, what computing in schools looked like, and how different forms of computing were variously integrated into the national curriculum for England and Wales.  \nKeywords: computing curriculum, ICT, Digital literacy, Digital Economy, Computing education  \n1. Introducing the History, Influence and Themes of the Computing Curriculum  \nThis paper sets out to provide a brief introduction to the forces that shaped the 2014 computing curriculum and to present a brief history of what computing education in England looked like prior to that point. The paper is a narrative review of computing education literature, compiled as part of the author’s doctoral studies, which buildson this and other literature to conduct qualitative research with young people about the impacts of the 2014 computing curriculum (Wohl, 2020). The purpose of this review of literature is to provide a historical accounting of the development of Computing in primary and Secondary education, providing a foundational context for past, present and future research (Baumeister & Leary, 1997) . While many aspects of this history have been compiled in other papers and publications, previously, no other paper has brought together in a single narrative this development of teaching computing in the UK from its earliest beginning to when Computer Science was codified into the English national curriculum in 2014. Many of the authors cited throughout have provided key aspects of this exposition (Young, 1991; Woollard, 2018; Savage & Csizmadia; 2018; Passey, 2014, 2015, 2016; Anderson,& Levene, 2012), whereas other literature provided context, background, and a theoretical lens through which to understand these changes to how this key topic was delivered.  \n2. A Brief History of Computing and IT in English Schools  \nFormally, the teaching of computing in schools started in the 1970s with the addition of “computer studies to the GCE (A and O level) examinations for 14–18-year-olds”(Woollard, 2018, p. 14). This addition enabled pupils to approach computing as a potential career and a subject for study in higher education. The UK government began to see competing in the information economy as essential for economic success , and a skilled workforce as central to this aim. Mathematics teachers started to integrate computing technology with logical problem-solving, and teachers across the curriculum recognised the potential of computers for their subjects as well (Passey, 2014) . The potential future impact of computers was further highlighted in 1978 with the broadcast of the Horizon television programme, Now the Chips Are Down, which made dramatic predictions about how the transformative technology of computers and microchips would replace human jobs (Anderson & Levene, 2012) . While too dire, these predictions highlighted the possibility that computers would powerfully drive the future economy and that  \nindividuals would need to learn the associated skill sets to remain relevant.  \nBy the late 1970s, research machines (RM) had developed microcomputers for schoo","cbCaigjbY6pummg2","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaigjbY6pummg2","pdf",306613,"English","# Introducing the History, Influence and Themes of the Computing Curriculum\n## A Brief History of Computing and IT in English Schools","[{\"question\":\"What is the main purpose of the paper on computing education in England?\",\"answer\":\"The paper provides a historical overview of computing education in England from 1970 to 2014, explaining the context that shaped the 2014 curriculum and how teaching shifted toward computer science.\"},{\"question\":\"How did computing education begin in the formal UK school system?\",\"answer\":\"Formal computing teaching started in the 1970s through additions such as computer studies to GCE examinations for 14–18-year-olds, enabling students to view computing as a career and higher-education subject.\"},{\"question\":\"What major changes occurred around the late 1980s and 1989?\",\"answer\":\"With the introduction of the first national curriculum in 1989, the focus shifted toward general computer usage, within broader education concerns and goals for higher standards.\"}]","Learning to Compute - An Overview of Computing Education in England from 1970 to 2014 | PDF",1792065033,25]