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A qualitative design includes 18 interviewed participants with verbatim transcription and thematic analysis. The findings show transformative outcomes are not driven by participation alone, but also by family support, self-adjustment, coping ability, and coordinated interventions aligned with individual needs. Further research is recommended to target perceived caregiver burden through psychological support and dementia-symptom management programmes.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/learning-to-change-transformative-outcomes-of-programmes-and-activities-for-family-caregivers-of-people-with-dementia-in-taiwan/593017/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/learning-to-change-transformative-outcomes-of-programmes-and-activities-for-family-caregivers-of-people-with-dementia-in-taiwan/593017.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Aran","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-03","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":44},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What theory guides the study on family caregivers in Taiwan?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The study uses transformative learning theory to examine how participation relates to positive transformative outcomes for family caregivers of people with dementia.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Does participation alone lead to transformative outcomes?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"No. Participation in programmes and activities is not the single factor; family support, self-adjustment, coping ability, and coordinated intervention according to individual preferences and needs also facilitate transformative outcomes, including for nonparticipants.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What challenges do family caregivers face according to the introduction section?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Caregivers face challenges such as limited knowledge of dementia and appropriate care, coping with problem behaviours and comorbidities, and managing medical treatment and daily activities, which are intensified as dementia progresses.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},593017,1792638383,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":44,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},137455076865,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0","Australian Journal of Adult Learning Volume 61, Number 2, July 2021  \nLearning to change: Transformative outcomes of programmes and activities for family caregivers of people with dementia in Taiwan  \nChia-Ming Yen  \nNational Health Research Institutes, Taiwan  \nAbstract  \nThis study explored the transformative outcomes of programmesand activities for family caregivers of people with dementia in Taiwan. Transformative learning theory was used to examine the relationship between participation and positive outcomes. A group of nonparticipants was included to provide a complete picture of the transformative learning process. In this qualitative study, 18 participants were interviewed with audio recording, and the data were transcribed verbatim. A thematic analysis was performed to determine the themes and subthemes in the results. The results revealed that participation in programmes and activities was not the single factor leading to transformative outcomes; family support, self-adjustment, the ability to cope, and coordinated intervention in accordance with individual preferences and needs also facilitated transformative outcomes for nonparticipants. Further studies should focus on interventions modifying factors of perceived caregiver burden, for instance, by providing psychological support to informal caregivers, offering programmes and activities targeting the management of  \n242 Chia-Ming Yen  \nneuropsychiatric symptoms inpatients with dementia, and supporting quality of life.  \nKeywords: programmes and family support groups, transformative outcomes, family caregivers of people with dementia  \nIntroduction  \nDementia affects approximately 50 million people worldwide, and this is projected to increase to 82 million by 2030 and 152 million by 2050 (World Health Organization, 2020). Most people with dementia live at home (50%–80% in various European countries; Valzolgher, 2018) . In Taiwan, the estimated population of adults aged 65 years or older is 3,607,127 (Ministry of the Interior, 2019), and 280,783 persons have dementia. Specifically, the prevalence of dementia is 8% for those aged 65 years or older (Taiwan Alzheimer’s Disease Association, 2020) . Official statistics from Taiwan indicate that 94% of people with dementia live at home and 6% are institutionalised; furthermore, 55% of people with dementia are cared for by family members (Ministry of Health and Welfare, 2011, 2017). Confucian values may play a vital ideological role for people who care for their parents in Taiwan; such caregivers, especially sons, may consider caregiving to be their family obligation. However, these cultural values may reduce well-being when family caregivers struggle to fulfil high expectations with diminished resources (Funk, Chappell, & Liu, 2013) .  \nIn Taiwan, family caregivers may require the following types of informal and formal social support: (a) home-based care, including paid caregivers, home care nurses and physicians, residential rehabilitation, and nutritional consulting services; (b) community-based care, including day care centres, community care centres, and respite care, that provides a temporary ‘vacation’ for family caregivers; and (c) institutional care, including nursing homes and group homes, that provides 24-hour care for patients with physical or mental disabilities. Furthermore, numerous programmes and activities are provided for family caregivers, such as the School of Wisdom, Family of Wisdom, Family Support Group Services, and the Centre for Integrated Dementia Care. In 2017, the Taiwanese government issued the 2018–2025 Taiwan Dementia Plan, which aims to support the needs of patients  \nLearning to change: Transformative outcomes of programmes and activities 243 for family caregivers of people with dementia in Taiwan  \nwith dementia and their families and mitigate the negative impacts of dementia and caregiving.  \nChallenges and benefits encountered by family caregivers of people with dementia  \nFamily caregiv","cbCaimYrA2wxFtMn","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaimYrA2wxFtMn","pdf",347105,26,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n# Challenges and benefits encountered by family caregivers of people with dementia","[{\"question\":\"What theory guides the study on family caregivers in Taiwan?\",\"answer\":\"The study uses transformative learning theory to examine how participation relates to positive transformative outcomes for family caregivers of people with dementia.\"},{\"question\":\"Does participation alone lead to transformative outcomes?\",\"answer\":\"No. Participation in programmes and activities is not the single factor; family support, self-adjustment, coping ability, and coordinated intervention according to individual preferences and needs also facilitate transformative outcomes, including for nonparticipants.\"},{\"question\":\"What challenges do family caregivers face according to the introduction section?\",\"answer\":\"Caregivers face challenges such as limited knowledge of dementia and appropriate care, coping with problem behaviours and comorbidities, and managing medical treatment and daily activities, which are intensified as dementia progresses.\"}]","Learning to change: Transformative outcomes of programmes and activities for family caregivers of people with dementia in Taiwan | PDF",1792076409,66]