[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-108703-en":3,"doc-seo-108703-105":31,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":93},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":28,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":29,"read_time":30},108703,13056703019404,"Miles","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0",8,"Research & Report","Learning in Myanmar - Pre and Post-Covid-19 - Executive Summary","Learning in Myanmar - Pre and Post-Covid-19 - Executive Summary documents the state of student learning outcomes in Myanmar before COVID-19 and provides retrospective estimates of learning losses and future earnings reductions caused by pandemic disruptions and the military coup of February 1, 2021. It describes a learning crisis already present prior to COVID-19, reflected in very low reading and math outcomes and major disparities across population groups. Findings are grounded in 2019 SEA-PLM data and use a World Bank simulation model based on school closure information from 2020 through February 2022.","Public Disc losure Authorized  \nLearning in Myanmar Pre and Post-Covid-19  \nPub lic Disclosure Authorized Pub lic Disc losure Authorized Pub lic Disclosure Authorized  \n© 2022 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street NW  \nWashington DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000  \n[Internet: www.worldbank.org](Internet: www.worldbank.org)  \nThis work is a product of the staff of The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent.  \nThe World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, or currency of the data included in this work and does not assume responsibility for any errors, omissions, or discrepancies in the information, or liability with respect to the use of or failure to use the information, methods, processes, or conclusions set forth. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries.  \nNothing herein shall constitute or be construed or considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privileges and immunities of The World Bank, all of which are specifically reserved.  \nRights and Permissions  \nThe material in this work is subject to copyright. Because The World Bank encourages dissemination of its knowledge, this work may be reproduced, in whole or in part, for noncommercial purposes as long as full attribution to this work is given.  \nAttribution--Please cite the work as follows: Bhatta, Saurav D. and Katwal, Saurav. 2022. Learning in Myan  \nmar, Pre and Post-Covid-19. Washington, DC: World Bank.  \nAll queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to World Bank Publications, The World Bank Group, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: 202-522-2625; e-mail: [pubrights@worldbank.org](pubrights@worldbank.org).  \nAcknowledgement  \nThis brief was authored by Saurav Dev Bhatta (Senior Economist and  \nSaurav Katwal (Economist, Consultant, HEAED), and was prepared Sherman (Country Director for Myanmar, Cambodia and Lao PDR),  \nTask Team Leader, HEAED) and under the guidance of Mariam Daniel Dulitzky (Regional  \nDirector, HEADR), Toby Linden (Practice Manager, HEAED), and Ulrich Schmitt (Operations Manager for Myanmar, Cambodia, and Lao PDR). It draws on the findings from an internal World Bank report entitled Pre-Covid-19 Trends and Disparities in Education Outcomes in Myanmar, which was peer reviewed by Yoko Nagashima (Senior Education Specialist, HAWE3) and Maya Sherpa (Senior Economist, HSAED). The authors would like to thank the peer reviewers as well as Joao Pedro Wagner De Azevedo (Lead Economist, HEDGE), Yi Ning Wong ( Junior Professional Associate, HEDGE), Mar Mar Thwin (Education Specialist, HEAED), and Tara Beteille (Program Leader, HEADR) for their helpful feedback and suggestions. We also thank colleagues from the Southeast Asia Primary Learning Metrics (SEA-PLM) Secretariat for providing clarifications on the SEA-PLM data used in this report, and the World Bank High Frequency Phone Survey (HFPS) team for sharing data from the latest rounds ofthe Myanmar HFPS survey.  \nLearning in Myanmar, Pre and Post-Covid-19 1  \nExecutive Summary  \nThis brief summarizes the state of student learning outcomes in Myanmar before the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, and presents retrospective estimates of the losses in learning and future earnings of students resulting from the disruptions caused by the pandemic and the military coup of February 1, 2021. It shows that Myanmar had been facing a learning crisis even before the COVID-19 pandemic as reflected in very low levels of learning outcomes in reading and math, and large disparities in learning outcomes across different population groups. This","cbCaik9roH1D4hqR","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaik9roH1D4hqR","pdf",533545,5,1,16,"English","en",105,"# Executive Summary\n## Pre-pandemic learning crisis\n## Effects of COVID-19 and the 2021 coup\n## Data sources and estimation approach\n## Key findings and implications","[{\"question\":\"What is the core purpose of this brief on Myanmar’s education outcomes?\",\"answer\":\"It summarizes student learning outcomes before COVID-19 and estimates learning and future earnings losses resulting from pandemic disruptions and the February 1, 2021 military coup.\"},{\"question\":\"What evidence shows Myanmar had a learning crisis before the pandemic?\",\"answer\":\"Very low learning outcomes in reading and math and large disparities across different population groups were already present before COVID-19.\"},{\"question\":\"How are learning and earnings losses estimated when newer assessment data are unavailable?\",\"answer\":\"The brief uses a World Bank simulation model (Azevedo et al., 2020) that relies on actual school-closure data from the start of the pandemic through the end of February 2022.\"}]","Learning in Myanmar - 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