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The review synthesizes 42 studies published between 2006 and 2018. Leadership, enrollment, teacher recruitment and retention, and school improvement/student achievement emerge as major themes aligned to the standards for principal preparation curricula.",{"@graph":69,"@context":126},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/leading-rural-schools-looking-to-the-literature-for-evidence-to-inform-principal-preparation-programs/591110/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/leading-rural-schools-looking-to-the-literature-for-evidence-to-inform-principal-preparation-programs/591110.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"McQueen","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-06","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":34},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118,122],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the main purpose of this paper?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"To identify challenges rural school principals face, strategies for addressing those challenges, and how the findings can inform principal preparation programs for future principals.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How was the literature reviewed and what timeframe was used?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The study used Hallinger’s framework for systematic reviews of educational leadership research, synthesizing peer-reviewed studies from 2006 to 2018.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What major themes emerged from the reviewed studies?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Leadership issues, enrollment, teacher recruitment and retention, and school improvement/student achievement are highlighted as central themes.",{"name":123,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":124},"How do the NELP and PSEL standards relate to the identified challenges and strategies?",{"text":125,"@type":113},"The challenges and strategies are aligned with the 2018 NELP standards and the 2015 PSELs to support curriculum development in principal preparation programs.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":128,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":130,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":132,"site_id":62},591110,1792189730,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":135},{"doc_id":132,"user_id":136,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":137,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":138,"file_id":139,"file_url":140,"file_type":141,"file_size":142,"view_count":34,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":143,"language":144,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":145,"faqs":146,"seo_title":147,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":148,"read_time":149,"preview_page_count":4},5909890329169,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc","Leading Rural Schools: Looking to the Literature for Evidence to Inform Principal Preparation Programs  \nBrenda Mendiola, Yvette Bynum, and Philip Westbrook University of Alabama  \nAbstract  \nA systematic review of the literature was conducted to identify challenges faced by rural school principals, strategies to address the challenges, and how the challenges and strategies can be addressed through the implementation of the 2018 National Educational Leadership Preparation (NELP) standards and the 2015 Professional Standards for Educational Leaders (PSELs) . Thereview yielded 42 studies conducted between 2006 and 2018. Major themes emerging from the literature include issues related to leadership, enrollment, teacher recruitment and retention, and school improvement/student achievement. Major challenges and strategies are aligned with the NELP standards and PSELs for use by those teaching principal preparation courses or developing curriculum for principal preparation courses.  \nKeywords: rural, principal, leadership  \nThe purpose of this paper is to identify: (1) challenges to school leadership encountered by rural school principals,(2) strategies to address these challenges, and (3) how the knowledge of these challenges and strategies can inform principal preparation programs and better prepare future principals. Themes are identified through a systematic review of peer-reviewed published studies from the years 2006-2018. These themes are aligned with the 2018 National Educational Leadership Preparation (NELP) standards and the 2015 Professional Standards for Educational Leaders (PSELs) adopted by the Alabama State Department of Education to show how rural education leadership issues can be embedded throughout the curriculum in principal preparation programs.  \nPerspectives  \nPerhaps no population in the United States can more readily identify with the dreams and possibilities offered by public education than the children attending our nation's rural schools. For many of these children, the only possibility for an education is through the local public school – often a single school located miles from a neighboring town or city. According to the 2013-2014 NCES Report, slightly more than half of the schools in the United States are categorized as rural with large concentrations in Texas, North Carolina, Georgia, Ohio, New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia, Alabama, Indiana, and Michigan. Many of the schools have small enrollments of less than 500 students. In Texas, for example, 459 districts meet the Texas Education Agency (2015-2016) definition of rural which includes enrollments of less than 300 students. In Alabama, approximately 599 of the 1,315 schools attended by 39.7% of the state’s students are classified as rural (National Center for Education Statistics, 2015) . As shown in the 2017 report on The Condition of Education, approximately 36% of rural school children are attending schools with mid-low levels of poverty with 25.1% to 50% of the children eligible for free or reduced lunch, 34% are attending schools with mid-high levels of poverty with 50.1% to 75% eligible for free or reduced lunch, and 14% are attending schools identified as high poverty schools with more than 75% eligible for free or reduced lunch (McFarland, et al., 2018, p. 135) .  \nPrincipals in rural schools encounter many of the same challenges and opportunities as their non-rural counterparts; however, research suggests that for rural school principals, the challenges are intensified due to location, size, and limited community resources (Howley, Rhodes, & Beall, 2009; Klar & Brewer, 2013; Parson, Hunter, & Kallio, 2016) . Rural school principals may also face negative cultural and stereotypical characterizations often promoted in the media (Surface, & Theobald, 2014). Female principals may face even greater challenges due to gender discrimination (Preston, Jakubiec, & Kooymans, 2013) . Although fewer in numbers, Pendola & Fuller (2018) found that female","cbCaivSwsDBcFF6y","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaivSwsDBcFF6y","pdf",89345,13,"English","# Abstract\n# Perspectives\n# Methods\n## Steps Followed and Data Sources","[{\"question\":\"What is the main purpose of this paper?\",\"answer\":\"To identify challenges rural school principals face, strategies for addressing those challenges, and how the findings can inform principal preparation programs for future principals.\"},{\"question\":\"How was the literature reviewed and what timeframe was used?\",\"answer\":\"The study used Hallinger’s framework for systematic reviews of educational leadership research, synthesizing peer-reviewed studies from 2006 to 2018.\"},{\"question\":\"What major themes emerged from the reviewed studies?\",\"answer\":\"Leadership issues, enrollment, teacher recruitment and retention, and school improvement/student achievement are highlighted as central themes.\"},{\"question\":\"How do the NELP and PSEL standards relate to the identified challenges and strategies?\",\"answer\":\"The challenges and strategies are aligned with the 2018 NELP standards and the 2015 PSELs to support curriculum development in principal preparation programs.\"}]","Leading Rural Schools: Looking to the Literature for Evidence to Inform Principal Preparation Programs | PDF",1792071141,33]