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It describes limitations in teacher leadership capacity at school and district levels and the resulting time constraints for instructional reform. The article links post-secondary readiness to adult education attainment and service-sector job skill demands, then explains a state-led initiative to gather community input and inform strategic planning through tours, conversations, and focus groups.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/leadership-during-change-article-5-2020/601991/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/leadership-during-change-article-5-2020/601991.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"CatatanPagi","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-05","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":19},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Why does the article argue that educational change is difficult in Kansas?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It links resistance to the lack of safe, confident leadership at individual school and district levels, along with pressure on teachers to meet academic and testing demands without sufficient time for reform.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How does the article define post-secondary success for Kansas students?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"It defines success as students continuing in college beyond the first year, incorporating an effective rate based on graduation success and student status two years after graduation.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What initiative did Kansas education leaders undertake to guide change?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Commissioner Dr. Randy Watson and Deputy Commissioner Dr. Brad Neuenswander began a journey to learn what Kansans wanted from schools by touring the state and collecting community data for strategic planning.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},601991,1792166080,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":19,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},962090894170,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","Educational Considerations  \nVolume 46  \nNumber 2 Education Redesign: One State’s Innovative Journey  \nArticle 5  \n2020  \nLeadership During Change  \nMischel Miller  \nKansas State Department of Education, [mmiller@ksde.org](mmiller@ksde.org)  \nFollow this and additional works at: [https://newprairiepress.org/edconsiderations](https://newprairiepress.org/edconsiderations)  \n Part of the Educational Leadership Commons  \nThis work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 4.0 License.  \nRecommended Citation  \nMiller, Mischel (2020) \"Leadership During Change,\" Educational Considerations: Vol. 46: No. 2.  \n[https://doi.org/10.4148/0146-9282.2245](https://doi.org/10.4148/0146-9282.2245)  \nThis Article is brought to you for free and open access by New Prairie Press. It has been accepted for inclusion in Educational Considerations by an authorized administrator of New Prairie Press. For more information, please [contact](contact cads@k-state.edu)[ cads@k-state.edu](contact cads@k-state.edu).  \nLeadership During Change  \nMischel Miller  \nThe national education system, similar to the Kansas education system, has seen little change  \nsince the 1800s (Throckmorton, 1967). In fact, over 50 years later, there have been few changes.  \nChildren come to school around the age offive to enter kindergarten and then move through the  \ncurrent system by age and grade level. These children sit in rows, are addressed by the expert  \nteacher, are given information, and are expected to memorize and regurgitate the material in a  \nstandardized testing process. Schools in Kansas predominately open their doors in August and  \nclose in May (KSDE, 2018), perpetuating the long history of an educational system that spans  \nalmost 200 years. Moving a school system away from that dynamic is hard, and it is wrought  \nwith human challenges. What change needs to occur to meet the economic needs of the future?  \nOne major challenge to creating new learning environments is the lack of leadership at the  \nindividual school and district levels to help teachers feel safe and confident in making crucial  \nclassroom instructional changes (Bush, 2008) .  \nFaced with enormous pressure, teachers are asked to advance students academically and to show growth in learning. Our current education system does not always allow leaders the time needed  \nto make the necessary changes. According to the Kansas Board of Regents, in January of 2016,  \nKansas had only 52% of the workforce holding some form of post-secondary education, which  \ndid not fully meet and would not be able to meet the needs of business and industry (2016) .  \nUnfortunately, this means that having only a high school diploma is not enough to secure a  \nmiddle-class lifestyle (Carnevale, Smith, & Strohl, 2013). Also, not surprisingly, this is  \nparalleled at the national level.  \nEighty percent of all jobs today are in the service sector. Jobs in industries like business services,  \neducation, health care, and office services require higher levels of interpersonal and problem  \nsolving skills because the work entails higher levels of human interaction and personalized  \nresponses to people's wants and needs (Carnevale et al. 2013) .  \nThis information, as well as the Kansas post-secondary information included in Figure 1, reveals that Kansas students who graduated from 2013–2018 are not leaving high school with the skills  \nthey need for post-secondary success. Post-secondary success is defined, in Kansas, as students  \nwho continue in college beyond the first year. This definition includes consideration of an  \neffective rate, which, according to the Kansas State Department of Education (KSDE) is a  \ncombination of a student’s graduation success and the student’s status two years after graduation  \n(2016) .  \nPublished by NewPrairie Press, 2020 1  \nFigure 1: Kansas historical post-secondary data of high school graduates  \nIn 2015, Kansas Commissioner Dr. Randy Watson and Deputy Comm","cbCaiaWzsVFiTm0i","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiaWzsVFiTm0i","pdf",485330,13,"English","# Leadership During Change\n## Background and Setting","[{\"question\":\"Why does the article argue that educational change is difficult in Kansas?\",\"answer\":\"It links resistance to the lack of safe, confident leadership at individual school and district levels, along with pressure on teachers to meet academic and testing demands without sufficient time for reform.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the article define post-secondary success for Kansas students?\",\"answer\":\"It defines success as students continuing in college beyond the first year, incorporating an effective rate based on graduation success and student status two years after graduation.\"},{\"question\":\"What initiative did Kansas education leaders undertake to guide change?\",\"answer\":\"Commissioner Dr. Randy Watson and Deputy Commissioner Dr. Brad Neuenswander began a journey to learn what Kansans wanted from schools by touring the state and collecting community data for strategic planning.\"}]","Leadership During Change - Article 5 - 2020 | PDF",1792093830,33]