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The study is based on qualitative interview data collected from 171 head teachers. Findings show that management definitions follow classical management functions, while leadership definitions are more varied, sharing a common core centered on a leader’s vision and determination to realize it.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/leadership-and-management-in-the-definitions-of-school-heads-abstract/592663/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/leadership-and-management-in-the-definitions-of-school-heads-abstract/592663.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Mimi","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-21","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":19},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What research question does the document address about leadership and management?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It asks how head teachers define leadership and management in the context of their professional responsibilities, and what similarities and differences they perceive between the two notions.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How do respondents define management in the study?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Respondents define management consistently with the classical approach to management functions.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What common core do respondents associate with leadership?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Leadership definitions vary, but a shared core is a leader’s vision and determination to realize that vision.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},592663,1792172504,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":19,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},2336477974920,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","Leadership and Management in the Definitions of School Heads  \nBy Jakub Kolodziejczyk􀀍  \nIn the literature on the subject there occur two approaches to describing mutual relationships between leadership and management. One of them perceives these phenomena as incompatible and evaluated as either positive or negative. Nowadays there is a general agreement that leadership and management are processes which cannot be separated from one another. It is emphasized that at the level of practical applications, it is impossible to separate the functions of leadership and the functions of management. From this perspective, the following questions are worth considering: in what manner do men of practice-head teachers define the notions of leadership and management within the context of their professional duties and what similarities and differences do they notice between these two notions? In order to answer these questions, we have analysed qualitative data collected during interviews with 171 head teachers of Polish schools. The results indicate that the respondents define management consistently based on the classical approach to the management functions. The definitions of leadership are more varied in their content, with a common core comprising a leader’s vision and determination to realize such a vision.  \nKeywords: head teachers, leadership, management, Polish schools  \nIntroduction  \nIn the discussion of the differences between leadership and management, an important role was played by Abraham Zaleznik’s article published originally in the Harvard Business Review in 1977, and subsequently reprinted in numerous publications. Paying attention to the significance of both managers’ and leaders ’ contribution to the activities of organizations, Zaleznik emphasizes radical differences between them, from personal motivation through a way of thinking and acting, and concludes that \"… managers and leaders are very different kinds of people\" (Zaleznik, 1977, p. 68) . According to the author, leaders are concentrated on change and pursuing new solutions, understanding people’s convictions and ensuring their commitment, while managers are concentrated on maintaining stability and status quo, performing duties, exercising authority and achieving established goals.  \nOne of the consequences of the differences between the characteristic features of leadership and management was their valuation (Bennis, 1989; Certo, 1997; Hull & Ozeroff, 2004; Gill, 2011) . Positively evaluated features associated with leadership such as focusing on people, exerting influence, inspiring trust, innovativeness, creativeness, determining directions or forward thinking were juxtaposed with negative qualities associated with management,  \n􀀍Lecturer, Jagiellonian University, Poland.  \n[https://doi.org/10.30958/aje.2-2-3](https://doi.org/10.30958/aje.2-2-3) doi=10.30958/aje.2-2-3  \ne.g. concentrating on systems and structures, controlling, copying of solutions or short-sightedness. In consequence of such valuation, some researchers presented leadership and management as standing in opposition to one another and considered the former as more desirable than the latter Managers do things right, while leaders do the right things (Bennis & Nanus, 2007, p. 12) . Too much management was identified as the reason for problems persisting in organizations and the development of leadership was proposed as an antidote for such corporate maladies (Zaleznik, 1989) .  \nThis point of view is shared by Bennis (1989): To survive in the twentyfirst century, we are going to need a new generation of leaders-leaders, not managers. The distinction is an important one. Leaders conquer the context - the volatile, turbulent, ambiguous surroundings that sometimes seem to conspire against us and will surely suffocate us if we let themwhile managers surrender to it. (p. 7)  \nMaccoby (2000) argues that although organizations need to perform the classically understood management functions, manageria","cbCait7C0rvDWfm5","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCait7C0rvDWfm5","pdf",306726,13,"English","# Introduction\n## Theoretical approaches to leadership and management\n## Study rationale and research questions\n## Research design and data source\n## Key findings and definitions","[{\"question\":\"What research question does the document address about leadership and management?\",\"answer\":\"It asks how head teachers define leadership and management in the context of their professional responsibilities, and what similarities and differences they perceive between the two notions.\"},{\"question\":\"How do respondents define management in the study?\",\"answer\":\"Respondents define management consistently with the classical approach to management functions.\"},{\"question\":\"What common core do respondents associate with leadership?\",\"answer\":\"Leadership definitions vary, but a shared core is a leader’s vision and determination to realize that vision.\"}]","Leadership and Management in the Definitions of School Heads - Abstract | PDF",1792075050,33]