[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-318945-105":3,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":73,"doc-detail-318945-en":122},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":66,"head_meta":68,"extra_data":70,"updated_unix":72},105,"en","lead-ias-daily-bulletin-25-april","Lead IAS Daily Bulletin - 25 April","","Briefing for 25 April covers India’s online enforcement mechanisms via the Sahyog Portal, outlining its Union Home Ministry role in issuing takedown notices to intermediaries and its relationship to Section 79(3)(b) safe harbour and Section 69A blocking powers. It then reviews Corporate Average Fuel Efficiency (CAFE) targets for fleet CO₂ reduction through CAFE-III, including Stage I–III limits, scope, and CAFE versus BS VI emission concepts. Additional sections summarize emerging AI model releases, fireworks chemical composition, and the draft introduction of E85 with fuel blend features and policy targets.",{"@graph":14,"@context":65},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & 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containing up to 85% denatured ethanol and about 15% gasoline (or other hydrocarbons), planned to reduce crude oil imports and improve energy security.","Answer","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":67,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":69,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":71,"site_id":7},318945,1790376639,{"code":4,"msg":74,"data":75},"success",[76,80,84,88,93,98,103,107,111,114,118],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":77,"show_sort_weight":78,"slug":79},"Story & 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enables swift takedown notices by authorities.  \no Sahyog Portal is a Union Home Ministry platform launched in 2024 to enable fast removal of illegal online content under Section 79(3)(b) of the IT Act, 2000.  \no It allows government agencies to send takedown notices directly to social media platforms and other online intermediaries.  \no Features:  \no Centralised Communication: Links government agencies, State/UT officers, and 65 intermediaries.  \no Automated Notices: Sends quick, traceable takedown requests.  \no Distinct from Section 69A: Focuses on intermediary responsibility, not direct blocking.  \no Section 79(3)(b) – Safe Harbour: Protects intermediaries from liability but requires them to promptly remove unlawful content upon notice, failing which they lose legal protection.  \no Section 69A – Blocking Powers: Empowers the government to block public access to online content, unlike Sahyog which focuses on intermediary action, thereby balancing enforcement with safeguards.  \nCorporate Average Fuel Efficiency (CAFE) targets  \nThe Indian government and the automobile industry reached abroad consensus on the upcoming CAFE-III (Corporate Average Fuel Efficiency Phase III) .  \no CAFE norms require automobile manufacturers to maintain a prescribed average fuel efficiency (or CO₂ emission limit) across all passenger vehicles they sell.  \no Targets of CAFE III:  \no Stricter Targets: Cut fleet emissions from ~113 g/km to 78.9 g/km by FY32.  \no No Small-Car Relief: Removes special concessions for lighter petrol cars.  \no Super Credits: Cleaner vehicles count more—EVs (3x), PHEVs (2.5x), hybrids (1.6x)—making targets easier to meet.  \no Tech Incentives: Emission discounts for efficiency features like start-stop systems.  \no Flexible Compliance: Credit trading, carry-forward, and lower penalties allowed.  \no CAFE Targets:  \no Stage I (2017–2022): CO₂ limit of 130 g/km.  \no Stage II (2022–27): CO₂ limit of 113 g/km.  \no Stage III (Draft: 2027–2032): 91.7 g/km CO₂.  \no Applicability-These norms apply to petrol, diesel, LPG, CNG, hybrid, and electric passenger vehicles with a gross weight under 3,500 kg.  \no Launch in India: CAFE norms were first notified by the Government in 2017, under the Energy Conservation Act, 2001.  \no Corporate Average: Refers to the sales-volume weighted average fuel efficiency of all vehicles sold by a manufacturer.  \no CAFE Vs BS VI: CAFE primarily targets CO₂ emissions, while BS VI addresses overall emissions, including NOx (Nitrogen Oxides) and SOx (Sulphur Oxides).  \no BS standards are set by the Central Pollution Control Board under the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change.  \no BS (Bharat Stage) norms are based on European emission standards.  \nLatest AI models  \nChinese startup DeepSeek has launched a new AI model featuring significantly lower costs and ultra-long context support.  \n\n| Latest AI Model | Company |\n| --- | --- |\n| GPT-5.4 | OpenAI (USA) |\n| Claude 3 (Opus, Sonnet, Haiku) | Anthropic (USA) |\n| Gemini 3.1 Pro | Google DeepMind (USA) |\n| Grok-4.20 | xAI (USA) |\n| Qwen 3 / Qwen 3.5 | Alibaba (China) |\n| DeepSeek-V4 | DeepSeek (China) |\n| Doubao 1.5 Pro | ByteDance (China) |\n| Kimi k2 | Moonshot AI (China) |\n| Nemotron-3 Super | NVIDIA (USA) |\n\nChemicals used in fireworks  \nOver three days this week, separate firecracker accidents in Kerala and Tamil Nadu killed dozens of people.  \no Chemicals used in fireworks include oxidisers, fuels, binders, and colouring agents that produce light, heat, and colours when ignited.  \no Oxidisers: Supply oxygen for burning - Potassium nitrate (KNO₃), Potassium chlorate (KClO₃), Potassium perchlorate (KClO₄).  \no Fuels: Burn to produce heat and light- Charcoal, Sulphur, Aluminium powder, Magnesium powder.  \no Binders: Hold the mixture together-Dextrin, starch.  \no Colour-Producing Chemicals (Metal Salts) .  \n25 April 2026  \no Other additives include i","cbCaivRglCi04ydm","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaivRglCi04ydm","pdf",224313,"English","# Sahyog Portal\n## Key functions and legal context\n# CAFE targets (CAFE-III)\n## Stage limits and compliance features\n# Latest AI models\n## Model list by company\n# Chemicals used in fireworks\n## Main components and effects\n# E85 fuel\n## Blend features and targets","[{\"question\":\"What is E85 and why is it being introduced?\",\"answer\":\"E85 is a high-ethanol fuel blend containing up to 85% denatured ethanol and about 15% gasoline (or other hydrocarbons), planned to reduce crude oil imports and improve energy security.\"}]","Lead IAS Daily Bulletin - 25 April | PDF",1789941543]