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Additional sections highlight India–Israel defence cooperation, joint projects and acquisitions, and strain engineering’s role in manipulating atomic structures for more efficient computing.",{"@graph":14,"@context":77},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & Report",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/lead-ias-daily-bulletin-23-june-fdi-fdc-drugs-india-israel-defence-relations-strain-engineering/318845/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/lead-ias-daily-bulletin-23-june-fdi-fdc-drugs-india-israel-defence-relations-strain-engineering/318845.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Oliver","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-28","2026-09-20",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",11,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69,73],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"What does FDI mean and what makes it a non-debt capital flow?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"FDI is investment by a person residing outside India into Indian businesses through specified capital instruments. It is typically long-term and mainly represents a non-debt capital flow.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"What are the two FDI routes and how do they differ?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"The Automatic Route requires an overseas investor to inform the RBI after the investment is made. The Government Approval Route requires prior approval from the relevant ministry or department before proceeding.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"Why were some fixed dose combination (FDC) drugs banned and what are their key advantages and disadvantages?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"The union ministry banned 16 FDC medications in public interest. Advantages include enhanced efficacy, cost-effectiveness, and reduced pill burden; disadvantages include lack of individual dose flexibility, ethical concerns from bans, and increased risk of antimicrobial resistance (AMR).",{"name":74,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":75},"How does strain engineering work and what is its relevance to computing?",{"text":76,"@type":64},"Strain engineering modifies a material’s atomic structure by applying mechanical strain to change its properties. By manipulating atomic behavior, it supports faster and more efficient computer-related applications.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":79,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":81,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":83,"site_id":7},318845,1790557804,{"code":4,"msg":86,"data":87},"success",[88,92,96,100,105,110,115,119,124,127,131],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":97,"show_sort_weight":98,"slug":99},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":101,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":102,"show_sort_weight":103,"slug":104},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":106,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":107,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":118},8,30,"research-report",{"id":120,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":121,"show_sort_weight":122,"slug":123},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":122,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":125,"show_sort_weight":122,"slug":126},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":128,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":129,"show_sort_weight":128,"slug":130},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":132,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":133,"show_sort_weight":101,"slug":134},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":86,"data":136},{"doc_id":83,"user_id":137,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":138,"doc_module":4,"category_id":116,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":139,"file_id":140,"file_url":141,"file_type":142,"file_size":143,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":101,"language":144,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":145,"faqs":146,"seo_title":147,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":148,"read_time":149,"preview_page_count":4},8796095461610,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","23 June 2026  \nForeign Direct Investment (FDI)  \nIndia’s Net FDI rose to 6.6 billion dollars, a 65%surge in gross inflows.  \no FDI: Refers to the investment made by a person residing outside India through capital instruments in either an unlisted Indian company or in atleast 10% of the post-issue paid-up equity capital (on a fully diluted basis) of a listed Indian company.  \no It is typically a long-term investment and mainly represents a non-debt capital flow.  \no FDI Routes: Non-residents can invest in shares, fully convertible debentures, and preference shares of Indian companies through two routes:  \no Automatic Route: An overseas investor is only required to inform the RBI after the investment is made. E.g., Agriculture & Animal Husbandry, Air-Transport Services, Automobiles, Biotechnology (Greenfield) etc.  \no Government Approval Route: A foreign investor must obtain prior approval from the relevant Ministry or department before proceeding. E.g., Banking & Public Sector, Broadcasting Content Services, etc.  \no Regulation: FDI Policy 2020, the FEMA (Non-debt Instrument) Rules, 2019 under the Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999  \no Major Source countries: Singapore, Mauritius, the United States, Japan, and the Netherlands.  \no Maharashtra, Karnataka, and Delhi consistently dominate FDI inflows into India.  \no FDI initiatives by Government is done through the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT), under Ministry of Commerce & Industry.  \no Prohibitions: Strictly prohibited in sectors like atomic energy generation, gambling and betting, lotteries, chit funds, real estate, and the tobacco industry.  \no Foreign Institutional Investments: A foreign-based institutional entity that invests in the financial markets of a country other than where it is registered. FIIs are institutions, not individuals and are regulated by SEBI (Securities & Exchange Board of India), with RBI monitoring investment limits under FEMA.  \no Foreign Portfolio Investment: Investment made in the financial assets of another country, such as shares, bonds, government securities, mutual funds, and exchange-traded funds, for short or medium duration.  \no Outward Foreign Direct Investment, or Outward Direct Investment (ODI), is a business strategy where domestic companies and individuals invest in foreign economies to establish subsidiaries, joint ventures, or acquire foreign assets.  \nFixed Dose Combination (FDC) Drugs  \nThe Union Ministry of Health and Family Welfare has banned 16 fixed dose combination medications in public interest.  \no FDCs: Refer to products containing two or more active ingredients also referred as cocktail drugs used for a particular indication (as per Drugs & Cosmetics Rule 1945).  \no Uses: They are widely used in the treatment of diseases such as tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS, diabetes, hypertension, and malaria.  \no The Central Drugs Standard Control Organisation, under the Directorate General of Health Services (Ministry of Health and Family Welfare), is the national regulatory authority giving approval. They categorized FDC as \"New Drugs\".  \n\n| Advantages | Disadvantages |\n| --- | --- |\n| Enhanced efficacy: Achieves better therapeutic outcomes than using them individually. | Lack of individual dose flexibility: FDCs offer a fixed dose of each component, which may not be suitable for all patients. |\n| Cost-effectiveness: More affordable than purchasing individual medications separately. | Ethical concern: India imposed ban on certain FDCs. |\n| Reduced pill burden: Taking fewer pills can improve convenience and patient compliance. | Increased risk of Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR): due to potential overuse. |\n\no Regulation ofFDCs:  \no Drugs & Cosmetics (Amendment) Act, 2008 provide stringent penalties for manufacturer of  \n23 June 2026  \nspurious and adulterated drugs and certain offences have also been made cognizable and non-bailable.  \no Testing capacities of Central Drugs Testing Laboratories under CDSCO to ex","cbCaiiH0o1FmLXqv","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiiH0o1FmLXqv","pdf",1021970,"English","# 23 June 2026\n## Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)\n## Fixed Dose Combination (FDC) Drugs\n## India-Israel Defence Relations\n## Strain Engineering","[{\"question\":\"What does FDI mean and what makes it a non-debt capital flow?\",\"answer\":\"FDI is investment by a person residing outside India into Indian businesses through specified capital instruments. It is typically long-term and mainly represents a non-debt capital flow.\"},{\"question\":\"What are the two FDI routes and how do they differ?\",\"answer\":\"The Automatic Route requires an overseas investor to inform the RBI after the investment is made. The Government Approval Route requires prior approval from the relevant ministry or department before proceeding.\"},{\"question\":\"Why were some fixed dose combination (FDC) drugs banned and what are their key advantages and disadvantages?\",\"answer\":\"The union ministry banned 16 FDC medications in public interest. Advantages include enhanced efficacy, cost-effectiveness, and reduced pill burden; disadvantages include lack of individual dose flexibility, ethical concerns from bans, and increased risk of antimicrobial resistance (AMR).\"},{\"question\":\"How does strain engineering work and what is its relevance to computing?\",\"answer\":\"Strain engineering modifies a material’s atomic structure by applying mechanical strain to change its properties. By manipulating atomic behavior, it supports faster and more efficient computer-related applications.\"}]","Lead IAS Daily Bulletin - 23 June - FDI, FDC Drugs, India-Israel Defence Relations, Strain Engineering | PDF",1789941374,13]