[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-648593-105":59,"doc-detail-648593-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","lead-ias-daily-bulletin-22-october-2026","Lead IAS Daily Bulletin - 22 October - 2026","","Lead IAS Daily Bulletin (22 October 2026) compiles key international and policy updates: a Badr memorandum of understanding covering multilateral defence cooperation among Turkey, Qatar, Pakistan, and Indonesia, plus a related trilateral security framework involving Saudi Arabia. It also explains digital signature concepts, security mechanisms, and certificate classes, highlighting risks from leaked private keys. Further sections address agrivoltaics potential in India and the background of Pashtun communities in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/lead-ias-daily-bulletin-22-october-2026/648593/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/lead-ias-daily-bulletin-22-october-2026/648593.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Bintang","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-10-23",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":8},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What does the Badr memorandum of understanding aim to achieve?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It is a multilateral defence framework and work-share agreement to build integrated military supply chains, co-develop advanced defence systems, and foster collaborative research, development, and technical training among the member nations.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How does a digital signature become invalid if the document changes after signing?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The signature includes a timestamp, and if any changes are made to the document after signing, the digital signature is invalidated.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What is agrivoltaics (agri-photovoltaics) and what is the potential benefit mentioned?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Agrivoltaics uses the same land for crop cultivation and solar photovoltaic power generation simultaneously. The bulletin notes that using 10% of India’s agricultural land suitable for agrivoltaics could generate enough electricity to meet projected power demand by 2050.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},648593,1792794116,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":8,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":24,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":129,"read_time":143},962085564381,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","22 October 2026  \nBadr Memorandum of Understanding  \nThe Turkish Defence Minister confirmed that Turkiye, Qatar, Pakistan, and Indonesia signed an agreement to boost defence cooperation and strengthen defensive capabilities, at Doha.  \no What is It? It is a multilateral defence framework and work-share agreement designed to build integrated military supply chains, co-develop advanced defence systems, and foster collaborative military research, development, and technical training.  \no Member Nations: Pakistan, Turkey, Qatar, and Indonesia.  \no Aim: To combine Turkey’s defence manufacturing, Qatar’s financial resources, Indonesia’s technological expertise and Pakistan’s industrial capacity for indigenous defence production and greater strategic selfreliance.  \no Makkah Joint Defence Agreement: It is a trilateral security arrangement by Saudi Arabia, Türkiye, and Pakistan.  \no Declares that an armed attack on any one of the three states will be treated as an attack on all three, marking a significant new trilateral security arrangement in West Asia.  \nDigital Signature  \nEight private keys used by Bengaluru-based [eMudhra Ltd. to](eMudhra Ltd. to)[ ](eMudhra Ltd. to)[issue web security certi](issue web security certi)fi[cates](cates) were leaked.  \no What is It? It is a cryptographic mechanism governed by the Information Technology Act, 2000 that authenticates electronic documents ensures data  \n,  \nintegrity, and prevents tampering.  \no Types: Based on security provisions.  \n\n| Class I\u003Cbr>Certificate | o Issued for both business personnel and private use.\u003Cbr>o Confirms that the information provided is authentic and it is not in conflict with the information of recognised consumer databases.\u003Cbr>o Used where the risks and consequences of data compromise are not of major significance. |\n| --- | --- |\n| Class II\u003Cbr>Certificate | o Issued to both business personnel and for private use.\u003Cbr>o Confirms the information provided is authentic and it is not in conflict with recognised pre-verified databases.\u003Cbr>o Used where the risk of data compromise are moderate. |\n| Class III\u003Cbr>Certificate | o Issued to individuals and organisations primarily intended for\u003Cbr>e-commerce applications. |\n\n\n|  | o It provides the highest level of security where the person needs tobe present himself/herself in front of the registration authority for proving his or her identity. |\n| --- | --- |\n\no How it works?  \no Creation: Rely on a secret, either a secret passphrase, or, more commonly, a secret file. Digital signatures, are unique to each signer.  \no Encryption: The signature is created using the signer’s private key, which is always securely kept by the signer. The mathematical algorithm encrypts that data. The resulting encrypted data is the digital signature.  \no Time stamp: The signature is also marked with time that the document was signed. If the document changes after signing, the digital signature is invalidated.  \no Keys generation: To protect the integrity of the signature, the keys are created, conducted, and saved in a secure manner, and often requires the services of a reliable Certificate Authority (CA) .  \no Digital Signature vs Electronic Signature:  \n\n| Feature | Digital Signature | Electronic\u003Cbr>Signature |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Technology | Cryptographic encryption | Basic electronic method |\n| Issued by | Certifying\u003Cbr>authority, ex: eMudhra | Licensed\u003Cbr>providers, ex:\u003Cbr>Protean |\n| Authentication | Public key\u003Cbr>infrastructure | Aadhar OTP, email |\n| Legal validity | High, globally accepted | IT act\u003Cbr>recognised |\n| Document Integrity | High (tamper evident) | Moderate |\n| Security | High | Moderate |\n| Uses | Regulatory filings, legal/financial filings | General agreements |\n\n22 October 2026  \nAgrivoltaics/Agri-Photovoltaics  \nUnion Minister for New and Renewable Energy Pralhad Joshi said that using just 10% of India’s agricultural land suitable foragrivoltaics could generate enough electricity to meet the country’s projected power ","cbCaitFT3YZyEfy1","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaitFT3YZyEfy1","pdf",1805118,"English","# Daily Updates\n## Badr Memorandum of Understanding\n## Digital Signature\n## Agrivoltaics / Agri-Photovoltaics\n## Pashtuns - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa","[{\"question\":\"What does the Badr memorandum of understanding aim to achieve?\",\"answer\":\"It is a multilateral defence framework and work-share agreement to build integrated military supply chains, co-develop advanced defence systems, and foster collaborative research, development, and technical training among the member nations.\"},{\"question\":\"How does a digital signature become invalid if the document changes after signing?\",\"answer\":\"The signature includes a timestamp, and if any changes are made to the document after signing, the digital signature is invalidated.\"},{\"question\":\"What is agrivoltaics (agri-photovoltaics) and what is the potential benefit mentioned?\",\"answer\":\"Agrivoltaics uses the same land for crop cultivation and solar photovoltaic power generation simultaneously. The bulletin notes that using 10% of India’s agricultural land suitable for agrivoltaics could generate enough electricity to meet projected power demand by 2050.\"}]","Lead IAS Daily Bulletin - 22 October - 2026 | PDF",13]