[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-318939-105":3,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":81,"doc-detail-318939-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":74,"head_meta":76,"extra_data":78,"updated_unix":80},105,"en","lead-ias-daily-bulletin-22-november-2025","Lead IAS Daily Bulletin - 22 November 2025","","Daily bulletin content covering four major Labour Codes notified on 22 November 2025, summarizing their scope and key provisions: wages, industrial relations, social security, and occupational safety, health and working conditions, including sub-acts and operational requirements. Additional sections address the Democratic Republic of Congo, including a UN peacekeeping incident, geographic facts, armed conflict drivers, and mineral-related issues. It also includes an antimicrobial resistance update on banning colistin as a growth promoter and a Supreme Court advisory opinion regarding Presidential References under Article 143, with a brief context and procedures.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & 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bulletin?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"The bulletin lists the Code on Wages, 2019; the Industrial Relations Code, 2020; the Code on Social Security, 2020; and the Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions (OSHWC) Code, 2020.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"How does the Labour Codes section describe the Code on Wages, 2019?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"It states the code defines a uniform meaning of wages, mandates timely payment, sets a national minimum wage, and ensures equal pay for men and women.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"What does the bulletin say about the Supreme Court advisory opinion on a Presidential Reference?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"It explains that a Presidential Reference under Article 143 allows the President to seek an advisory opinion on important questions of law or fact, and that the advice is not binding but carries strong persuasive authority, generally 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strong basis for universal social security, timely minimum wages, safe workplaces, and better opportunities.  \no The four Labour Codes are:  \no Code on Wages, 2019.  \no Industrial Relations Code, 2020.  \no Code on Social Security, 2020.  \no Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code, 2020.  \n\n| Labour Codes | Major Acts Subsumed | Key Provisions |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Code on Wages, 2019 | o Payment of Wages Act, 1936\u003Cbr>o Minimum Wages Act, 1948\u003Cbr>o Payment of Bonus Act, 1965\u003Cbr>o Equal Remuneration Act, 1976 | o Defines a uniform meaning of wages.\u003Cbr>o Mandates timely payment of wages.\u003Cbr>o Sets a national minimum wage.\u003Cbr>o Ensures equal pay for men and women. |\n| Industrial Relations Code, 2020 | o Trade Unions Act, 1926\u003Cbr>o Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Act, 1946\u003Cbr>o Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 | o Simplifies trade union registration and recognition.\u003Cbr>o Introduces negotiation unions/councils for dispute resolution.\u003Cbr>o Sets strike conditions, including a 60-day notice in public utility services.\u003Cbr>o Provides grievance-redressal mechanisms.\u003Cbr>o Introduces fixed-term employment with worker protection. |\n| Code on Social\u003Cbr>Security, 2020 | o Employees’ Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952;\u003Cbr>o Employees’ State Insurance Act, 1948\u003Cbr>o Maternity Benefit Act, 1961;\u003Cbr>o Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972;\u003Cbr>o Unorganised Workers Social Security Act, 2008 | o Expands “employee” to include gig, platform, and unorganised workers.\u003Cbr>o Introduces social-security schemes and a dedicated fund for unorganised workers.\u003Cbr>o Provides maternity benefits and gratuity, including for women in the unorganised sector. |\n| Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions (OSHWC) Code, 2020 | o Factories Act, 1948\u003Cbr>o Mines Act, 1952\u003Cbr>o Contract Labour (Regulation and Abolition) Act, 1970\u003Cbr>o Inter-State Migrant Workmen (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service) Act, 1979 | o Ensures worker health, safety, and welfare.\u003Cbr>o Mandates annual health check-ups.\u003Cbr>o Regulates working hours and conditions.\u003Cbr>o Introduces single licensing for contractors.\u003Cbr>o Limits contract labour in core activities.\u003Cbr>o Makes principal employers responsible for welfare facilities. |\n\nDemocratic Republic of Congo  \nThe U.N. peacekeeping mission in Congo said that Islamist militants had killed 89 civilians in DR Congo last week.  \no The Democratic Republic of Congo is located in Central Africa. It is the second largest country on the continent; only Algeria is larger.  \no Bordering Countries: The DRC borders the Republic of the Congo, Central African Republic, South Sudan, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Tanzania, Zambia, and Angola. Coastline on Atlantic Ocean  \no Important rivers in the DRC include the Congo River, Lualaba River, Kasai River, and Ubangi River.  \n22 November 2025  \no Major lakes include Lake Tanganyika, Lake Kivu, Lake Albert, and Lake Edward.  \no Issues Happening in the DRC:  \no Armed conflicts in North Kivu, South Kivu, and Ituri involve violent attacks by groups like the ADF and M23 .  \no Mineral resources like cobalt, gold, and coltan are abundant in the DRC, but competition over them leads to corruption, smuggling, and illegal mining.  \nColistin  \nThe introduction of the second National Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance notes the slow progress of the first National Action Plan but highlights a key step—the ban on colistin as a growth promoter in animal husbandry.  \no Colistin is a powerful, last-resort antibiotic used to treat serious infections caused by bacteria that are resistant to most other drugs.  \no It is important because it works when other antibiotics failand is vital for treating multidrug-resistant infections, especially in ICUs.  \no Concerns with Colistin: Overuse in humans and animals has led to colistin-resistant bacteria, and the discovery of the mcr-1 gene that spread","cbCaivkzFmE34ABX","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaivkzFmE34ABX","pdf",483517,"English","# Four Labour Codes (22 November 2025)\n## Code on Wages, 2019\n## Industrial Relations Code, 2020\n## Code on Social Security, 2020\n## Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions (OSHWC) Code, 2020\n# Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC)\n## UN peacekeeping mission incident\n## Geography and neighboring countries\n## Armed conflicts and mineral-driven issues\n# Colistin and antimicrobial resistance\n# Presidential Reference and Supreme Court advisory opinion\n## Article 143: types of questions\n## Advisory opinion: nature and procedure\n# Practice Questions","[{\"question\":\"What are the four Labour Codes listed in the bulletin?\",\"answer\":\"The bulletin lists the Code on Wages, 2019; the Industrial Relations Code, 2020; the Code on Social Security, 2020; and the Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions (OSHWC) Code, 2020.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the Labour Codes section describe the Code on Wages, 2019?\",\"answer\":\"It states the code defines a uniform meaning of wages, mandates timely payment, sets a national minimum wage, and ensures equal pay for men and women.\"},{\"question\":\"What does the bulletin say about the Supreme Court advisory opinion on a Presidential Reference?\",\"answer\":\"It explains that a Presidential Reference under Article 143 allows the President to seek an advisory opinion on important questions of law or fact, and that the advice is not binding but carries strong persuasive authority, generally followed.\"}]","Lead IAS Daily Bulletin - 22 November 2025 | PDF",1789941531]