[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-318932-105":59,"doc-detail-318932-en":134},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":127,"head_meta":129,"extra_data":131,"updated_unix":133},105,"en","lead-ias-daily-bulletin-20-november","Lead IAS Daily Bulletin - 20 November","","Daily bulletin covering major developments on protected areas and biodiversity hotspots, highlighting key national parks and tiger reserves across India, their locations, and ecological importance. It also summarizes a political note on longest-serving chief ministers, emphasizing record tenures. Public health topics include the 2024 groundwater quality findings on fluoride contamination and associated health impacts, plus brief explanations of other groundwater pollutants such as arsenic, nitrates, uranium, cadmium, and mercury. The bulletin further introduces WHO-approved Truenat rapid molecular diagnostics for tuberculosis and other infectious diseases.",{"@graph":69,"@context":126},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/lead-ias-daily-bulletin-20-november/318932/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/lead-ias-daily-bulletin-20-november/318932.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Ezra","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-22","2026-09-20",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":39},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118,122],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Which protected areas and reserves are highlighted in the bulletin?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The bulletin lists multiple sites including Papikonda National Park, Nagarjunasagar Srisailam Tiger Reserve, Rajiv Gandhi (Rameswaram) National Park, Sri Venkateshwara National Park, Koundiya Wildlife Sanctuary, Indravati National Park, Kanger Valley National Park, Sunabeda Wildlife sanctuary, Satkosia Tiger Reserve, Betla National Park, and Hazaribagh Wildlife Sanctuary.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What does the Annual Groundwater Quality Report 2024 say about fluoride contamination?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"It reports widespread contamination across India with unsafe fluoride levels detected in samples from over 440 districts, describing fluoride as a naturally occurring mineral and explaining its sources and health impacts when intake is excessive over time.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What health effects are associated with high fluoride levels and other pollutants?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Excessive long-term fluoride intake can cause fluorosis, including dental and skeletal fluorosis, and may also lead to knock-knee syndrome. Other pollutants discussed include arsenic causing Black Foot Disease, nitrates causing Blue Baby Syndrome, uranium causing kidney damage, cadmium causing Itai Itai Syndrome, and mercury causing Minamata Disease.",{"name":123,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":124},"How does Truenat help in tuberculosis diagnosis according to the bulletin?",{"text":125,"@type":113},"Truenat is a WHO-approved rapid molecular diagnostic platform that can operate independently of a laboratory using portable equipment. It was originally developed for TB detection in about one hour and uses a cartridge-based workflow to provide results, with rifampicin resistance requiring additional time.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":128,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":130,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":132,"site_id":62},318932,1790301736,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":135},{"doc_id":132,"user_id":136,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":137,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":138,"file_id":139,"file_url":140,"file_type":141,"file_size":142,"view_count":39,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":24,"language":143,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":144,"faqs":145,"seo_title":146,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":147,"read_time":148},1099514068035,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","20 November 2025  \nProtected Areas near the areas of Maoist Operations  \nSeven Maoist were killed in an encounter with the police in the Maredumilli forests of Alluri Sitarama Raju district in Andhra Pradesh.  \n\n| Protected Area | Location | Importance |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Papikonda\u003Cbr>National Park | Papi hills of\u003Cbr>Eastern ghats\u003Cbr>of Alluri\u003Cbr>Sitarama Raju\u003Cbr>district of\u003Cbr>Andhra\u003Cbr>Pradesh. | Important Bird and biodiversity Area. On the banks of Godavari River. |\n| Nagarjunasagar Srisailam Tiger Reserve | In Nallamala\u003Cbr>hills of\u003Cbr>Andhra\u003Cbr>Pradesh and\u003Cbr>Telangana. | Largest Tiger reserve in India.\u003Cbr>Krishna River flows through it. Srisailam and Nagarjunasagar reservoir lie in it. |\n| Rajiv Gandhi\u003Cbr>(Rameswaram)\u003Cbr>National Park | Rameswaram\u003Cbr>ofKadapa\u003Cbr>district of\u003Cbr>Andhra\u003Cbr>Pradesh. | Lies north of Penna River. One of the smallest National Park |\n| Sri\u003Cbr>Venkateshwara\u003Cbr>National Park | Tirupati,\u003Cbr>Andhra\u003Cbr>Pradesh | Part of Seshachalam hills biosphere reserve. |\n| Koundiya\u003Cbr>Wildlife\u003Cbr>Sanctuary | Andhra and\u003Cbr>Tamil Nadu\u003Cbr>border | Only sanctuary in Andhra Pradesh with significant population of Asian Elephants |\n| Indravati\u003Cbr>National Park | Chhattisgarh | One of the tiger reserve homes to wild water buffalo. |\n| Kanger Valley\u003Cbr>National Park | Bastar region\u003Cbr>of\u003Cbr>Chhattisgarh | Known for limestone caves and Bastar hill Myna. |\n| Sunabeda\u003Cbr>Wildlife\u003Cbr>sanctuary | Naupada in\u003Cbr>Odisha | Jonk river flows\u003Cbr>through it. |\n| Satkosia Tiger\u003Cbr>Reserve | Angul district\u003Cbr>of Odisha | Transitional zone between eastern ghats and Deccan Plateau. |\n| Betla National\u003Cbr>Park | Jharkhand | North Koel River flows through it |\n| Hazaribagh\u003Cbr>Wildlife\u003Cbr>Sanctuary | Jharkhand | North of Ranchi. |\n\nLongest Serving Chief Ministers  \nNitish Kumar has assumed office as Bihar’s Chief Minister fora record tenth term, marking a significant moment in the state’s political continuity and leadership.  \n\n| Chief Minister | State | Total Tenure |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Pawan Kumar\u003Cbr>Chamling | Sikkim | 24 years165 days |\n| Naveen Patnaik | Odisha | 24 years 99 days |\n| Jyoti Basu | West Bengal | 23 years 137 days |\n| Gegong Apang | Arunachal\u003Cbr>Pradesh | ~ 22 years |\n| Lal Thanhawala | Mizoram | 22 years |\n| Virbhadra Singh | Himachal\u003Cbr>Pradesh | 21 years |\n| Manik Sarkar | Tripura | 19 years |\n| Nitish Kumar | Bihar | 19 years |\n| M Karunanidhi | Tamil Nadu | 18 years |\n\nFluoride Pollution  \nThe Annual Groundwater Quality Report 2024 reveals widespread contamination across India, with unsafe levels of fluoride, nitrate, arsenic and uranium detected in samples from over 440 districts.  \no Fluoride: A naturally occurring mineral present in various foods and in all sources of drinking water. It is the ionic form of the element fluorine.  \no Sources:  \no Natural (Geogenic) Sources: Fluoride is leached from fluoride-bearing rocks (like fluorspar, fluorapatite, and certain granitic rocks, quartzites, and gneisses) when groundwater flows through them. Arid and semi-arid regions are more prone to this.  \no Anthropogenic Sources (Man-made):  \no Industrial discharges: Waste from aluminium smelting, fertilizer production (especially phosphate fertilizers), ceramic, glass, and brickmaking industries.  \no Coal Burning: Combustion of high-fluoride coal.  \no Pesticides and insecticides.  \no Permissible Limit:  \no BIS (Bureau of Indian Standards) Desirable Limit: 1.0 mg/L (milligrams per litre) in drinking water.  \no Maximum Permissible Limit (MPL): 1.5 mg/L. Concentration above 1.5 mg/L is considered hazardous.  \no Benefits of Fluoride: Small amounts are essential for dental health and preventing dental caries.  \n20 November 2025  \no Impact: Excessive long-term intake of fluoride leads to acrippling disease known as Fluorosis which includes dental fluorosis (mottling of teeth enamel, mainly in children) and skeletal fluorosis (bone/joint issues) etc.  \no Knock-knee syndrome, marked by outward bending of the legs from the knees, c","cbCaidizXxQ4iOgM","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaidizXxQ4iOgM","pdf",331028,"English","# Protected Areas near the areas of Maoist Operations\n# Longest Serving Chief Ministers\n# Fluoride Pollution\n# Truenat Test","[{\"question\":\"Which protected areas and reserves are highlighted in the bulletin?\",\"answer\":\"The bulletin lists multiple sites including Papikonda National Park, Nagarjunasagar Srisailam Tiger Reserve, Rajiv Gandhi (Rameswaram) National Park, Sri Venkateshwara National Park, Koundiya Wildlife Sanctuary, Indravati National Park, Kanger Valley National Park, Sunabeda Wildlife sanctuary, Satkosia Tiger Reserve, Betla National Park, and Hazaribagh Wildlife Sanctuary.\"},{\"question\":\"What does the Annual Groundwater Quality Report 2024 say about fluoride contamination?\",\"answer\":\"It reports widespread contamination across India with unsafe fluoride levels detected in samples from over 440 districts, describing fluoride as a naturally occurring mineral and explaining its sources and health impacts when intake is excessive over time.\"},{\"question\":\"What health effects are associated with high fluoride levels and other pollutants?\",\"answer\":\"Excessive long-term fluoride intake can cause fluorosis, including dental and skeletal fluorosis, and may also lead to knock-knee syndrome. Other pollutants discussed include arsenic causing Black Foot Disease, nitrates causing Blue Baby Syndrome, uranium causing kidney damage, cadmium causing Itai Itai Syndrome, and mercury causing Minamata Disease.\"},{\"question\":\"How does Truenat help in tuberculosis diagnosis according to the bulletin?\",\"answer\":\"Truenat is a WHO-approved rapid molecular diagnostic platform that can operate independently of a laboratory using portable equipment. It was originally developed for TB detection in about one hour and uses a cartridge-based workflow to provide results, with rifampicin resistance requiring additional time.\"}]","Lead IAS Daily Bulletin - 20 November | PDF",1789941518,13]