[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-318926-105":59,"doc-detail-318926-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","lead-ias-daily-bulletin-19-august","Lead IAS Daily Bulletin-19 August","","19 August 2026 bulletin covering policy and institutional updates. It explains air-gapped systems for securing confidential question-paper operations, including how they work, key applications, and limitations. It outlines India’s sixth Positive Indigenisation List under Defence Acquisition Procedure 2020, detailing procurement deadlines and item categories. It reviews the International Criminal Court’s structure, jurisdiction, complementarity principle, and enforcement constraints, then notes Supreme Court Collegium approval for High Court judge appointments and related eligibility and tenure rules.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/lead-ias-daily-bulletin-19-august/318926/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/lead-ias-daily-bulletin-19-august/318926.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Ezra","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-24","2026-09-20",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":52},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What are air-gapped systems and what is their primary purpose?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Air-gapped systems are computer/network setups physically isolated from external networks, including the internet. Their purpose is to protect highly sensitive data from hacking, malware, data leaks, and cyber espionage.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How does the Positive Indigenisation List affect defence procurement?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Items remain importable until the notified deadline; after that, domestic procurement becomes mandatory. The list includes defence items that can be procured only from Indian manufacturers after the deadline.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What determines the International Criminal Court’s jurisdiction?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"ICC jurisdiction applies when the crime is committed in a State Party’s territory, by a national of a State Party, or in a non-party state that accepts ICC jurisdiction. The UN Security Council can also refer cases under Chapter VII.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},318926,1790217634,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":52,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":24,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},1099514068035,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","19 August 2026  \nAir-gapped systems  \nThe National Testing Agency (NTA) is planning to introduce air-gapped systems to secure confidential operations involved in question-paper setting.  \no What is It? A computer/network system that is physically isolated from external networks, includingthe internet, to prevent unauthorised access.  \no Purpose: Protects highly sensitive data from hacking, malware, data leaks and cyber espionage.  \no How it works: No direct network connection; data transfer, if required, is done through strictly controlled physical devices/procedures.  \no Application: Used in defence networks, nuclear facilities, intelligence systems, critical infrastructure and confidential examination operations.  \no Limitation: Not completely immune to attacks—infected USB devices, insider threats and physical access can still compromise the system.  \no Other Similar Concepts:  \no Zero Trust Architecture: Assumes no user/device is trusted by default and continuously verifies access.  \no Data Diode: Allows data to flow only in one direction, preventing reverse access.  \no Sandboxing: Runs suspicious files/programs in an isolated environment to prevent system-wide damage.  \no National Testing Agency (NTA) : Established in 2018 by the Ministry of Education as an autonomous, specialised testing agency for higher-education entrance and eligibility examinations.  \no Objectives: Conduct transparent, efficient and standardised exams, reduce the burden on educational institutions, leverage technology, and ensure fair, merit-based admissions.  \no Major Examinations: NEET-UG, JEE Main, CUET, UGC-NET, CSIR-UGC NET and other specialised examinations.  \nPositive Indigenisation List  \nThe Department of Defence Production has notified the sixth Positive Indigenisation List (PIL), covering 405 strategically important defence items to promote domestic manufacturing and reduce import dependence.  \no Positive Indigenisation List (PIL) is a notified list of defence items that, after a specified deadline, can be procured only from Indian manufacturers, including private firms and DPSUs.  \no Introduced under: Defence Acquisition Procedure (DAP) 2020 to promote import substitution and Aatmanirbhar Bharat in defence.  \no Issued by: Department of Defence Production (DDP), Ministry of Defence.  \no Legal effect: Items remain importable until the notified deadline; thereafter, domestic procurement becomes mandatory.  \no Two categories:  \no Capital acquisition platforms such as weapon systems and major defence platforms.  \no LRUs, sub-systems, components, spares and raw materials for DPSUs.  \nInternational Criminal Court  \nThe International Criminal Court (ICC) was in the news after the United States sanctioned its President Tomoko Akane, accusing the court of being “politicised.”  \no The ICC is the world’s first permanent international criminal court, established under the Rome Statute (1998), which entered into force on 1 July 2002. It prosecutes individuals, not states.  \no Core Crimes: It has jurisdiction over four grave crimes: Genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and the crime of aggression.  \no Principle of Complementarity: ICC acts as a court of last resort. It intervenes only when national courts are unwilling or genuinely unable to investigate or prosecute serious crimes.  \no Membership & Institutional Structure  \no States Parties: Around 125 countries are currently parties to the Rome Statute. India, United States, China, Russia and Israel are among the major non-parties.  \no Judges: 18 judges, each elected for a nonrenewable 9-year term.  \no Presidency: President and two Vice-Presidents, elected from among the judges.  \no Office of the Prosecutor (OTP): Conducts  \npreliminary examinations, investigations and prosecutions.  \n19 August 2026  \no Funding: Primarily through contributions from States Parties, supplemented by voluntary contributions.  \no Enforcement: The ICC has no independent police force and depends on states to arrest ","cbCaihpAblH00U7q","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaihpAblH00U7q","pdf",946864,"English","# 19 August 2026\n## Air-gapped systems\n## Positive Indigenisation List\n## International Criminal Court\n## Appointment of HC judges","[{\"question\":\"What are air-gapped systems and what is their primary purpose?\",\"answer\":\"Air-gapped systems are computer/network setups physically isolated from external networks, including the internet. Their purpose is to protect highly sensitive data from hacking, malware, data leaks, and cyber espionage.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the Positive Indigenisation List affect defence procurement?\",\"answer\":\"Items remain importable until the notified deadline; after that, domestic procurement becomes mandatory. The list includes defence items that can be procured only from Indian manufacturers after the deadline.\"},{\"question\":\"What determines the International Criminal Court’s jurisdiction?\",\"answer\":\"ICC jurisdiction applies when the crime is committed in a State Party’s territory, by a national of a State Party, or in a non-party state that accepts ICC jurisdiction. The UN Security Council can also refer cases under Chapter VII.\"}]","Lead IAS Daily Bulletin-19 August | PDF",1789941508,13]