[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-609239-105":3,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":80,"doc-detail-609239-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":73,"head_meta":75,"extra_data":77,"updated_unix":79},105,"en","lead-ias-daily-bulletin-17-october-609239","Lead IAS Daily Bulletin - 17 October","","Daily bulletin covering multiple current-affairs notes. It explains perovskite materials (CaTiO3 crystal-structure family), how perovskite–silicon tandem modules stack top perovskite with bottom crystalline silicon, and why they matter via efficiency gains, cost prospects, and key risks like moisture/heat/UV degradation and lead toxicity. It also outlines solar-cell generations and summarizes PMI (Purchasing Managers’ Index) as a leading indicator, plus India’s SIR vs SSR electoral-roll revision process and related constitutional provisions.",{"@graph":14,"@context":72},[15,34,55],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & Report",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/lead-ias-daily-bulletin-17-october-609239/609239/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/lead-ias-daily-bulletin-17-october-609239/609239.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Riley West","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-23","2026-10-18",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":22},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",{"@type":56,"mainEntity":57},"FAQPage",[58,64,68],{"name":59,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":61},"What are perovskite materials in solar cells?","Question",{"text":62,"@type":63},"Perovskite refers to a class of materials sharing the crystal structure of calcium titanium oxide (CaTiO3). In solar cells, they act as light-absorbing layers that convert sunlight into electricity efficiently.","Answer",{"name":65,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":66},"How does a perovskite–silicon tandem solar-cell module improve efficiency?",{"text":67,"@type":63},"A tandem module stacks two cells that absorb different light-spectrum ranges. The top perovskite layer captures high-energy blue/green light, while the bottom crystalline silicon captures lower-energy red/infrared light, improving overall efficiency.",{"name":69,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":70},"What is the difference between SIR and SSR for India’s electoral rolls?",{"text":71,"@type":63},"SIR (Special Intensive Revision) requires fresh enumeration and eligibility verification of existing electors. SSR (Special Summary Revision) is a routine annual update that keeps existing electors on the draft roll while adding eligible new voters and deleting deceased or shifted voters via legal process.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":74,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":76,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":78,"site_id":7},609239,1792789563,{"code":4,"msg":81,"data":82},"success",[83,87,91,95,100,105,110,114,119,122,126],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":84,"show_sort_weight":85,"slug":86},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":88,"show_sort_weight":89,"slug":90},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":92,"show_sort_weight":93,"slug":94},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":96,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":97,"show_sort_weight":98,"slug":99},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":101,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":102,"show_sort_weight":103,"slug":104},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":106,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":107,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":112,"slug":113},8,30,"research-report",{"id":115,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":116,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":118},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":117,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":120,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":121},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":123,"slug":125},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":96,"slug":129},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":81,"data":131},{"doc_id":78,"user_id":132,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":111,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":22,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":96,"language":139,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144},1099523885074,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc","17 October 2026  \nPerovskite and Tandem solar-cell module  \nChina proposed banning exports of perovskite and tandem solar-cell manufacturing technologies.  \no What is Perovskite? Perovskite is a class of materials sharing the crystal structure of calcium titanium oxide (CaTiO₃). In solar cells, they act as light-absorbing layers that convert sunlight into electricity efficiently.  \no Perovskite is a hybrid metal-halide semiconductor with a crystal structure called (ABX3).  \no A-site: A larger positive ion (cation), such as Methylammonium, Formamidinium, Cesium (Cs⁺).  \no B-site: A smaller positive metal ion, usually Lead (Pb²⁺) or Tin (Sn²⁺).  \no X-site: A negative ion (anion), usually a halide such as Iodine (I⁻), Bromine (Br⁻) or Chlorine (Cl⁻).  \no What is a Tandem Solar-Cell Module? A tandem solar cell stacks two different solar cells, each absorbing different parts of the light spectrum (e.g., blue/green and red/infrared). This improves efficiency beyond that of traditional single-layer silicon cells.  \no Top Layer – Perovskite: Absorbs high-energy blue and green light.  \no Bottom Layer – Crystalline Silicon: Absorbs lower-energy red and infrared light passing through the top layer.  \no Why are Perovskite-Silicon Tandem Cells Important?  \no Higher Efficiency: Can exceed 30% efficiency, surpassing the theoretical limit of traditional silicon cells (~29%) .  \no Cost-Effective: Low-temperature processing and solution-based manufacturing can reduce costs.  \no Flexibility & Weight: Lightweight and semitransparent, suitable for building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) and portable electronics.  \no Key Challenges  \no Stability & Durability: Degrade under moisture, heat and UV light.  \no Toxicity: Lead in many formulations raises environmental and disposal concerns.  \no Commercial Scaling: Difficult to maintain high efficiency in large-scale production.  \no How Do Solar Cells Work?  \no Light Absorption: Sunlight falls on the semiconductor material.  \no Excitation: Photons transfer energy to electrons, freeing them and creating electron–hole pairs.  \no Charge Separation: An internal electric field separates electrons and holes and directs them towards opposite contacts.  \no Current Flow: When connected to an external circuit, electrons flow and produce electric current.  \no Generations of Solar Cells:  \no First Generation (1G): Crystalline silicon solar cells, including monocrystalline and multicrystalline silicon. Rigid, reliable and widely used. Example: Silicon rooftop solar panels.  \no Second Generation (2G): Thin-film solar cells using  \nthin semiconductor layers on glass or flexible substrates. Examples: CdTe (Cadmium Telluride), CIGS (Copper Indium Gallium Selenide) and a-Si (Amorphous Silicon).  \no Third Generation (3G): Emerging technologies aiming to improve efficiency and reduce costs. Examples: Perovskite Solar Cells, DSSCs (DyeSensitized Solar Cells), Quantum-Dot Solar Cells and Tandem Solar Cells.  \no Efficiency: 2nd Generation \u003C 1st Generation \u003C 3rd Generation  \no Expensiveness: 2nd Generation\u003C 1st Generation \u003C 3rd Generation.  \no Other Facts:  \no Global Ranking: India ranks 3rd globally in installed renewable energy capacity and total solar capacity behind China and USA.  \no Overall Solar Leader: Rajasthan  \no Rooftop Solar Leader: Gujarat  \no Target: 500 GW non-fossil fuel energy capacity by 2030, 280 GW from solar.  \no Major Schemes: PM-SURYA GHAR: Muft Bijli Yojana–rooftop solar for 1 crore households. PMKUSUM – solar pumps and decentralised solar power generation for farmers.  \nPurchasing Managers' Index  \nAn article highlights the need for government surveys on longer-term business expectations, as the private-sector PMI mainly reflects the short-term outlook.  \no What is It? Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) is a monthly survey-based leading economic indicator that  \n17 October 2026  \nmeasures the health of business activity in the manufacturing and services sectors.  \no Coverage: PMI is released separately fo","cbCaibwd85Z5cNpG","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaibwd85Z5cNpG","pdf",941680,"English","# Perovskite and Tandem solar-cell module\n## What is Perovskite?\n## What is a Tandem Solar-Cell Module?\n## Key Challenges\n## How Do Solar Cells Work?\n## Generations of Solar Cells\n## Other Facts\n# Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI)\n## What is It?\n## Coverage\n## Methodology\n## Manufacturing PMI Components\n## Interpretation\n# SIR Vs SSR\n## What is SIR\n## SSR\n## Key Difference\n## Constitutional Basis\n# Bond yield","[{\"question\":\"What are perovskite materials in solar cells?\",\"answer\":\"Perovskite refers to a class of materials sharing the crystal structure of calcium titanium oxide (CaTiO3). In solar cells, they act as light-absorbing layers that convert sunlight into electricity efficiently.\"},{\"question\":\"How does a perovskite–silicon tandem solar-cell module improve efficiency?\",\"answer\":\"A tandem module stacks two cells that absorb different light-spectrum ranges. The top perovskite layer captures high-energy blue/green light, while the bottom crystalline silicon captures lower-energy red/infrared light, improving overall efficiency.\"},{\"question\":\"What is the difference between SIR and SSR for India’s electoral rolls?\",\"answer\":\"SIR (Special Intensive Revision) requires fresh enumeration and eligibility verification of existing electors. SSR (Special Summary Revision) is a routine annual update that keeps existing electors on the draft roll while adding eligible new voters and deleting deceased or shifted voters via legal process.\"}]","Lead IAS Daily Bulletin - 17 October | PDF",1792358117,13]