[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-318898-105":59,"doc-detail-318898-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","lead-ias-daily-bulletin-12-september-318898","Lead IAS Daily Bulletin - 12 September","","12 September 2026 daily bulletin covers key global and geopolitical updates, explaining the BRICS-related gift of a Russian translation of Tirukkural and summarizing the Tamil classic’s structure, themes, and authorship tradition. It also details strategic Red Sea geography and conflict dynamics, including the Houthis’ seizure of Zuqar Island and Mokha, alongside relevant maritime chokepoints. Additional coverage addresses biological weapons, treaty frameworks, and bioterrorism concepts.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/lead-ias-daily-bulletin-12-september-318898/318898/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/lead-ias-daily-bulletin-12-september-318898/318898.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Oliver","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-23","2026-09-20",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":44},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is Tirukkural and what areas of life does it cover?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Tirukkural, also called Kural, is a classic Tamil text consisting of 1,330 couplets. It offers timeless wisdom on ethics, governance, love, and spirituality.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How are the sections of Tirukkural organized?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Tirukkural is divided into three main sections: Aram (Virtue), Porul (Wealth), and Inbam (Love). Each section focuses on distinct aspects of life and human conduct.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Why is the Red Sea referred to as “red,” according to the bulletin?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The Red Sea’s unique colour changes are attributed to algae blooms, including tricodesmium/red algae.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},318898,1790197741,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":44,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":19,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":52,"preview_page_count":4},8796095461610,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","12 September 2026  \nTirukkural  \nIndian Prime Minister Narendra Modi gifted a Russian translation of Tirukkural to Russian President Vladimir Putin upon his arrival for the BRICS Summit 2026, hosted by India.  \no What is it: Also called Kural, it is a classic Tamil text written by Thiruvalluvar.  \no It is a collection of 1,330 couplets (kurals) that offer timeless wisdom on various aspects of life, including ethics, governance, love, and spirituality.  \no The couplets are composed in a concise and poetic form, making them easily memorable and quotable.  \no Structure and Themes:  \no Divided into three main sections or books: Aram (Virtue), Porul (Wealth), and Inbam (Love) .  \no Aram: Discusses virtues such as righteousness, truth, gratitude, and compassion.  \no Porul: Provides insights into worldly affairs, including governance, economy, and friendship.  \no Inbam: Delves into the complexities of human emotions, love, and family life.  \no Thiruvalluvar: A Tamil poet-saint believed to have lived between 3rd-4th century or 8th-9th century- Sangam Age.  \no Other name: He is known by several titles, including Mudharpaavalar and Deivappulavar.  \no Sangam Literature: The period known for South India's earliest known literature. Flourished in different places under the patronage of the Pandyan kings.  \no How many: Three sangams (academies of Tamil poets) existed in ancient Tamil Nadu, also known as Muchchangam.  \no First Sangam: Legendary gods and sages attended the first Sangam held in Madurai, although there are no recorded accounts of it.  \no Second Sangam: Held in Kapadapuram in Tamil Nadu. Except for Tolkappiyam, none of the literary works written during this Sangam survived.  \no Third Sangam: Established in Madurai by Mudathirumaran. Although many poets participated and created substantial work, only some persisted.  \no Five Great Epics:  \n\n| Literary Work | Author |\n| --- | --- |\n| Silappatikaram | Ilango Adigal |\n| Manimekalai | Chithalai Chathanar |\n| Jivaka Chintamani | Tiruttakrdeva |\n| Valayapathi | Tamil Jain monk |\n| Kundalakesi | Nathakuthanaar |\n\nZuqar Island  \nYemen’s Houthis seized Zuqar Island, on Red Sea.  \no Where is it: It is a strategic island in Red Sea. It lies between the coasts of mainland Yemen and Eritrea, near the Strait of Bab al-Mandab which connects the Red Seato the Gulf of Aden.  \no Administrative Control: The island was previously held by forces loyal to the Saudi-backed, internationally recognized Yemeni government. But currently under the Sanaa-based Houthi government after their forces took control during a rapid western coast offensive.  \no Geography: The island consists of a shield volcano overlain by basaltic pyroclastic cones. Many islets surrounding Zuqar Island were formed by phreatic eruptions.  \no Red Sea: A semi-enclosed, inlet (or extension) of the Indian Ocean between the continents of Africa and Asia.  \no Bordering Countries: Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Sudan, Eritrea and Djibouti.  \no The northern portion of the Red Sea is bifurcated by the Sinai Peninsula into the Gulf of Aqaba and the Gulf of Suez, where it is connected to the Mediterranean Sea via the famous Suez Canal.  \no Why red colour: The Red Sea’s unique colour changes are due to algae blooms (tricodesmium/red algae) .  \no Other Islands in Red Sea:  \no Tiran Island: Located near the mouth of the Gulf of Aqaba.  \no Shadwan Island: Located at the entrance of the Gulf of Suez.  \no Bab al-Mandab: A narrow maritime chokepoint situated between the Arabian Peninsula and the Horn of Africa.  \n12 September 2026  \no Dividing Island: Perim Island (belongs to Yemen) splits the strait into two channels:  \no Eastern Channel (Bab Iskender / Alexander's Strait): Narrow and shallower.  \no Western Channel (Dact-el-Mayun): Deeper and wide, ideal for large ships.  \nMokha (Mocha) City  \nHouthis captured the strategic Red Sea port city of Mokha.  \no Where is it: It is a port city on Yemen’s western coast along the Red Sea, located adjacent to the ","cbCaieOhnTwTTK25","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaieOhnTwTTK25","pdf",1777573,"English","# Tirukkural\n## Thiruvalluvar and the work\n## Structure, sections, and themes\n## Sangam literature background\n## Five great epics\n# Zuqar Island\n## Location and geography\n## Administrative control and Red Sea context\n## Nearby maritime features\n# Mokha (Mocha) City\n## Location and significance\n## Houthis and background\n# Biological Weapons\n## What biological weapons are\n## Major treaties and related concepts","[{\"question\":\"What is Tirukkural and what areas of life does it cover?\",\"answer\":\"Tirukkural, also called Kural, is a classic Tamil text consisting of 1,330 couplets. It offers timeless wisdom on ethics, governance, love, and spirituality.\"},{\"question\":\"How are the sections of Tirukkural organized?\",\"answer\":\"Tirukkural is divided into three main sections: Aram (Virtue), Porul (Wealth), and Inbam (Love). Each section focuses on distinct aspects of life and human conduct.\"},{\"question\":\"Why is the Red Sea referred to as “red,” according to the bulletin?\",\"answer\":\"The Red Sea’s unique colour changes are attributed to algae blooms, including tricodesmium/red algae.\"}]","Lead IAS Daily Bulletin - 12 September | PDF",1789941454]