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It also describes the ITU’s role, membership, and the spectrum allocation process, including frequency coordination and India’s auction approach.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & Report",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/lead-ias-daily-bulletin-11-december-preah-vihear-diwali-stc-spectrum-itu/318889/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/lead-ias-daily-bulletin-11-december-preah-vihear-diwali-stc-spectrum-itu/318889.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Oliver","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-22","2026-09-20",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",14,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"What UNESCO concern is raised regarding Preah Vihear Temple?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"UNESCO warns of damage to the ancient Preah Vihear Temple linked to long-standing Thailand–Cambodia territorial tensions.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"What does Diwali symbolize and when is it celebrated?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"Diwali symbolizes the victory of light over darkness and good over evil, typically falling on Amavasya in the Hindu month of Kartik.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"How does the ITU influence spectrum use for satellite communications?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"The ITU coordinates and regulates global radio spectrum and satellite orbits, sets technical standards, and guides spectrum allocation through processes such as first-come, first-served coordination and early frequency filing.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},318889,1790529702,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,106,111,115,120,123,127],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":97,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":102,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":107,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":108,"show_sort_weight":109,"slug":110},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":112,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},8,30,"research-report",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":118,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":121,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":122},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":124,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":125,"show_sort_weight":124,"slug":126},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":128,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":129,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":130},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":132},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":133,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":112,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":33,"language":140,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":144,"read_time":124,"preview_page_count":4},8796095461610,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","11 December 2025  \nPreah Vihear  \nUNESCO has raised concerns about damage to the ancient Preah Vihear Temple due to long-standing territorial tensions between Thailand and Cambodia.  \no Preah Vihear Temple is an ancient Hindu temple located in Preah Vihear Province of northern Cambodia. It is located near the Thai border and is dedicated to Lord Shiva.  \no The temple stands atop a high cliff in the Dangrek Mountain range, along the Cambodia–Thailand border.  \no It was built mainly during the 11th and 12th centuries, the golden period of the Khmer Empire.  \no It is recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.  \no Thailand and Cambodia is in dispute for area around Preah Vihear Temple due to unresolved border demarcation, despite the ICJ awarding (in 1962) the temple to Cambodia.  \no Latest UNESCO heritage recognitions for India:  \no 2025: Maratha Military Landscapes of India (World Heritage Site)  \no 2024: Moidams of the Ahom Dynasty, Assam (World Heritage Site) .  \no 2023: Santiniketan (World Heritage Site)  \nDiwali  \nDiwali has been inscribed on UNESCO’s Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity for 2025.  \no Diwali, the festival of lights, symbolizes the victory of light over darkness and good over evil.  \no It falls on Amavasya (new moon) in the Hindu month of Kartik, usually between mid-October and midNovember.  \no The celebration lasts five days, from Dhanteras to Bhai Dooj.  \no History: According to Hindu mythology, Diwali marks Lord Rama’s return to Ayodhya with Sita and Lakshman after defeating Ravana. It is celebrated by lighting rows of lamps—a tradition that continues today.  \no Regional Variations: In Tamil Nadu, people observe Narak Chaturdashi. In West Bengal, the third day is dedicated to Goddess Kali instead of Goddess Lakshmi.  \nSouthern Transition Council  \nThe separatist Southern Transitional Council (STC) says it has taken control of the eastern provinces of Hadhramaut and Mahra and is now firmly established across all the former South Yemen provinces.  \no The Southern Transitional Council (STC) is a secessionist political and military movement in Yemen.  \no It seeks to re-establish an independent South Yemen, which existed before unification in 1990.  \no The STC controls large parts of southern Yemen, including Aden, and has influence in other southern and eastern provinces.  \no It has been supported by the UAE, especially in terms of training and arming forces.  \no Issue in Yemen.  \no The issue in Yemen is a power struggle that began when the Houthi movement (Ansar Allah) seized the capital. It triggered a civil war driven by political rivalry, regional influence, and sectarian tensions.  \no The main groups fighting are the Houthi movement (Supported by Iran), the internationally recognized Government of Yemen supported by Saudi Arabia, the Southern Transitional Council, and extremist groups such as Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula and Islamic State of Iraq and Syria – Yemen.  \nSpectrum  \nAs demand for satellite communication rises, experts warn that without proper regulation and coordination, rapidly growing satellite constellations will lead to competition for spectrum  \no Spectrum refers to the range ofelectromagnetic waves used for wireless communication such as mobile networks, Wi-Fi, radio, TV, GPS, and satellite services.  \no Key Satellite Communication Frequencies:  \no L-band (1–2 GHz): Used for Global Positioning System (GPS) .  \no Ku-band (12–18 GHz): Used for high-speed satellite internet and broadcasting.  \no Ka-band (26–40 GHz): Used for high-capacity satellite internet and modern broadband services.  \no Spectrum allocation: Spectrum is allocated through auctions, licensing, by national regulators (like TRAI/DoT in India), with international coordination handled by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) .  \no Various Electromagnetic waves and uses:  \no Radio Waves: FM/AM radio, TV broadcasting, mobile networks (2G/3G/4G), Wi-Fi, Bluetooth  \no Microwaves: 5G ","cbCaietl9ChFKdym","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaietl9ChFKdym","pdf",527404,"English","# Lead IAS Daily Bulletin (11 December 2025)\n## Preah Vihear Temple and UNESCO Concerns\n## Diwali and UNESCO Intangible Heritage (2025)\n## Southern Transitional Council (STC) and Yemen Conflict\n## Spectrum and Satellite Communication Frequencies\n## International Telecommunication Union (ITU)\n## Spectrum Allocation Process (ITU and India)","[{\"question\":\"What UNESCO concern is raised regarding Preah Vihear Temple?\",\"answer\":\"UNESCO warns of damage to the ancient Preah Vihear Temple linked to long-standing Thailand–Cambodia territorial tensions.\"},{\"question\":\"What does Diwali symbolize and when is it celebrated?\",\"answer\":\"Diwali symbolizes the victory of light over darkness and good over evil, typically falling on Amavasya in the Hindu month of Kartik.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the ITU influence spectrum use for satellite communications?\",\"answer\":\"The ITU coordinates and regulates global radio spectrum and satellite orbits, sets technical standards, and guides spectrum allocation through processes such as first-come, first-served coordination and early frequency filing.\"}]","Lead IAS Daily Bulletin-11 December-Preah Vihear, Diwali, STC, Spectrum & ITU | PDF",1789941441]