[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-318850-105":59,"doc-detail-318850-en":129},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":122,"head_meta":124,"extra_data":126,"updated_unix":128},105,"en","lead-ias-daily-bulletin-1-november-01-2025","Lead IAS Daily Bulletin - 1 - November 01, 2025","","01 November 2025 Lead IAS Daily Bulletin covers air quality and public health through topics such as aerosols (PM2.5, PM10, NOx) and how rainfall can temporarily reduce them before emissions restore prior levels. It explains aerosol types and effects on climate, health, and environment, then evaluates smog towers and cloud seeding as largely ineffective measures. It also reports violence in El-Fasher, Sudan, and highlights India’s Railways e-market initiatives via the GeM platform and the Aabhar store for local products.",{"@graph":69,"@context":121},[70,84,104],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/lead-ias-daily-bulletin-1-november-01-2025/318850/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":98,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":99,"interactionStatistic":100},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/lead-ias-daily-bulletin-1-november-01-2025/318850.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Oliver","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-09-20",true,{"@type":101,"interactionType":102,"userInteractionCount":4},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":103},"ViewAction",{"@type":105,"mainEntity":106},"FAQPage",[107,113,117],{"name":108,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":110},"Why can heavy rainfall temporarily improve Delhi’s air quality, and how long does it last?","Question",{"text":111,"@type":112},"Heavy rainfall can wash out aerosols like PM2.5, PM10, and NOx temporarily. Air quality returns to previous levels within 1–5 days due to persistent emissions.","Answer",{"name":114,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":115},"What are the main pros and cons of smog towers?",{"text":116,"@type":112},"Pros include immediate air cleaning in specific areas and protection for vulnerable populations in dense or high-traffic locations. Cons include high installation and maintenance cost, limited coverage, and high energy use, especially for large-scale towers.",{"name":118,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":119},"What does the bulletin say about RSF actions in El-Fasher and the broader conflict in Sudan?",{"text":120,"@type":112},"It states Rapid Support Forces have killed more than 2,000 civilians during their assault on El-Fasher. It also describes a conflict between SAF and RSF over control of the country after Omar al-Bashir’s 2019 overthrow.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":123,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":125,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":127,"site_id":62},318850,1789941380,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":130},{"doc_id":127,"user_id":131,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":132,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":133,"file_id":134,"file_url":135,"file_type":136,"file_size":137,"view_count":4,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":24,"language":138,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":139,"faqs":140,"seo_title":141,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":128,"read_time":142},8796095461610,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","01 November 2025  \nAerosols  \nIIT Delhi found that heavy rainfall can temporarily wash out aerosols like PM2.5, PM10, and NOx from Delhi, but air quality quickly returns to previous levels within 1–5 days due to persistent emissions.  \no Aerosols are tiny solid or liquid particles in the air, produced naturally (like dust or sea spray) or by human activities (like fuel burning or industry) .  \no Natural aerosols include dust from deserts, sea salt from ocean waves, volcanic ash from eruptions, and biological particles like pollen, spores, and bacteria.  \no Anthropogenic aerosols include sulphates from burning coal and oil, nitrates from vehicle emissions, black carbon from diesel and biomass burning, and organic carbon from incomplete fuel combustion.  \no Most aerosols stay in the lower atmosphere (\u003C1.5 km) near surface sources, but some, like volcanic aerosols, can reach the stratosphere.  \no Effects of Aerosols:  \no On Climate: Reflect sunlight and cool the Earth (e.g., sulphates), Absorb heat and warm the atmosphere (e.g., black carbon), Affect cloud formation and rainfall.  \no On Health: Enter lungs and bloodstream, Cause or worsen asthma, bronchitis, and heart diseases, Fine particles (PM2.5, PM10) are most harmful.  \no On Environment: Reduce visibility (haze, smog), Pollute soil and water, Reduce photosynthesis in plants.  \no Some Types of Aerosols:  \no What is PM?: Particulate Matter (PM) refers to tiny solid or liquid particles suspended in the air. They include dust, soot, smoke, and liquid droplets that can be inhaled and harm health.  \no PM10 are particles 10 micrometres or smaller that reach the upper respiratory tract (nose and throat) .  \no PM2.5 – Particles with a diameter of 2.5 micrometres or smaller. Can penetrate deep into the lungs and bloodstream.  \no Black Carbon – Source: fossil fuel & biomass burning; Absorbs: visible light strongly.  \no Brown Carbon – Source: biomass burning & organic aerosols; Absorbs: UV and shorter visible wavelengths.  \nSmog Towers  \nAn IIT Delhi study stated that cloud seeding and smog towers are largely ineffective measures, calling thema distraction and a waste of resources in tackling Delhi’s air pollution problem.  \no Smog towers are air-purifying structures where large fans draw in polluted air, filter it, and release clean air.  \no How does it work:  \no Updraft Air Cleaning System: Air is drawn from the ground, pushed upward by convection and heating, filtered at the top, and released.  \no Downdraft Air Cleaning System: Polluted air enters from the top, passes down through filters, and clean air is released from the bottom.  \no Pros: Immediate air cleaning in specific areas, Can protect vulnerable populations in high-traffic or dense areas.  \no Cons: High cost of installation and maintenance, Limited coverage area, Energy-intensive, especially for large-scale towers.  \no ‘Breathable Art’ was inaugurated recently at Swarn Jayanti Park, Rohini, Delhi. It is an innovative living installation designed using air-purifying plants and sustainable materials to promote cleaner and healthier surroundings.  \no The installation features a variety of air-purifying species such as Areca palm, bamboo palm, money plant, snake plant, spider plant, parijat, peace lily, arrowhead, weeping fig, and zigzag plant.  \nEI Fasher  \nRapid Support Forces (RSF) have killed more than 2,000 civilians in El-Fasher during their assault on the city.  \no El Fasher is a city in western Sudan, the capital of North Darfur state.  \no What is happening in Sudan: Sudan is engulfed in a conflict between the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) over control of the country after Omar al-Bashir’s 2019 overthrow.  \no The RSF has strong backing from Arab tribes, while the SAF is supported mainly by non-Arab African groups and parts of the regular military.  \no Other Places in Sudan Under Conflict: Khartoum, Kordofan, Darfur (El Fasher, Nyala, Zalingei) .  \no Rapid Support Forces:  \n01 November 2","cbCaifM1GbRD4CMk","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaifM1GbRD4CMk","pdf",650933,"English","# Aerosols\n## Types and effects\n# Smog Towers\n## Working systems and trade-offs\n# EI Fasher and Sudan conflict\n## RSF overview and affected locations\n# Government eMarket Place and Aabhar\n## GeM launch, functions, and significance","[{\"question\":\"Why can heavy rainfall temporarily improve Delhi’s air quality, and how long does it last?\",\"answer\":\"Heavy rainfall can wash out aerosols like PM2.5, PM10, and NOx temporarily. Air quality returns to previous levels within 1–5 days due to persistent emissions.\"},{\"question\":\"What are the main pros and cons of smog towers?\",\"answer\":\"Pros include immediate air cleaning in specific areas and protection for vulnerable populations in dense or high-traffic locations. Cons include high installation and maintenance cost, limited coverage, and high energy use, especially for large-scale towers.\"},{\"question\":\"What does the bulletin say about RSF actions in El-Fasher and the broader conflict in Sudan?\",\"answer\":\"It states Rapid Support Forces have killed more than 2,000 civilians during their assault on El-Fasher. It also describes a conflict between SAF and RSF over control of the country after Omar al-Bashir’s 2019 overthrow.\"}]","Lead IAS Daily Bulletin - 1 - November 01, 2025 | PDF",13]