[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-665559-105":59,"doc-detail-665559-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","layout-design-examples-cmos-inverter-and-cmos-logic-gate-layout","Layout Design Examples - CMOS Inverter and CMOS Logic Gate Layout","","Layout design examples explain how to move from simplified stick diagrams to step-by-step CMOS mask layout for a minimum-size CMOS inverter. The material covers extracting topological constraints, determining device dimensions from design-rule limits, and placing NMOS/PMOS with proper well and diffusion spacing. It further outlines sample layouts for NAND2 and NOR2 gates, then extends the methodology to complex CMOS logic using logic graphs and Euler paths before drawing stick diagrams and final layouts. Layout considerations include device sizing based on gate overlap and operating-frequency specifications.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":30,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/technology/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/layout-design-examples-cmos-inverter-and-cmos-logic-gate-layout/665559/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/layout-design-examples-cmos-inverter-and-cmos-logic-gate-layout/665559.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"aboduw","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-10-29",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":29},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the purpose of a stick diagram in layout design?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"A stick diagram provides understanding of topological constraints and lets designers quickly test layout possibilities without drawing a full mask layout. It can be easily modified and helps anticipate and avoid problems when laying out the circuit.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How are minimum-size inverter dimensions determined from design rules?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The active-area width is set by the minimum diffusion contact size and spacing to active edges. The polysilicon gate width uses the minimum poly width, and the overall active length follows from the sum of minimum poly width plus spacing terms, as specified by design rules.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What steps are used to design a more complex CMOS logic gate such as AOI22?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"First, construct a logic graph by uniquely naming transistors and connections. Next, compute Euler paths for the pull-up and pull-down networks and ensure they match. Finally, draw the stick diagram and then the final layout.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},665559,1793304965,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":29,"category_name":30,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":29,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":129,"read_time":144},3985747862266,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_085a072bc5b1113ac321206ff7593b45","2.4 Layout Design Examples  \nThe initial phase of layout design can be simplified significantly by the use of stick diagrams as shown in Fig.2.8 . A stick diagram is a simplified layout form, which contains information related to each of the process steps, but does not contain the actual size of the individual features.  \nFig.2.8 Examples of stick diagram for inverter  \nThe purpose of the stick diagram is to provide the designer a good understanding of the topological constraints, and to quickly test several possibilities for the optimum layout without actually drawing a complete mask diagram. The stick diagram can easily be drawn by hand and is a handy intermediate form between the circuit diagram and the physical layout since it can easily be modified and corrected. It can therefore be used to anticipate and avoid possible problems when laying out the circuit.  \nCMOS INVERTER  \nIn Fig.2.9, the mask layout design of a CMOS inverter will be examined step-by-step. Although the circuit consists of one NMOS and one PMOS transistor, there exists a number of different design possibilities even for this very simple circuit. Fig.2.8 shows two such possibilities.  \nmin imum width of the active area  \nminimum width of Polysilicon  \nminimum contact to  \nminimum contact  \nthe  \n\n| paration from ctive edge\u003Cbr>| |  |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| size\u003Cbr>|  |  |\n\nse  \na  \nminimum contact size  \nminimum separation from contact to polysilicon edge  \nminimum contact  \nminimum width of  \nactive area  \nseparation from to active edge  \nminimum length of active area  \nFig.2.9 Design rule constraints which determine the dimensions of a minimum-size transistor [KAL] .  \nFirst, it is necessary to create the individual transistors according to the design rules (Fig.2.9) . Assume that the design goal is to design an inverter with minimum-size transistors. The width of the active area is then determined by the minimum diffusion contact size (which is necessary for source and drain connections) and the minimum separation from diffusion contact to both active area edges. The width of the polysilicon line over the active area (which is the gate of the transistor) is typically taken as the minimum poly width.  \nThen, the overall length of the active area is simply determined by the following sum: (minimum poly width) + 2 x (minimum poly-to-contact spacing) + 2 x (minimum spacing from contact to active area edge) . The PMOS transistor must be placed in an n-well region, and the minimum size of the n-well is dictated by the PMOS active area and the minimum n-well overlap over n+ . The distance between the NMOS and the PMOS transistor is determined by the minimum separation between the n+ active area and the n-well (Fig.2.10 (a)) . The polysilicon gates of the NMOS and the PMOS transistors are usually aligned.  \n(a) (b)  \nFig.2.10 (a) Placement of one NMOS and one PMOS transistor, and (b) Complete mask layout of the CMOS inverter [KAL] .  \nThe final step in the mask layout is the local interconnections in metal, for the output node and for the VDD and GND contacts (Fig.2.10 (b)) . Notice that in order to be biased properly, the nwell region must also have a VDD contact.  \nNAND2 and NOR2  \nFig.2.11 shows the sample layouts of a two-input NAND gate and a two-input NOR gate, using single-layer polysilicon and single-layer metal. Here, the p-type diffusion area for the PMOS transistors and the n-type diffusion area for the NMOS transistors are aligned in parallel to allow simple routing of the gate signals with two parallel polysilicon lines running vertically. Also notice that the two mask layouts show a very strong symmetry, due to the fact that the NAND and the NOR gate have a symmetrical circuit topology.  \nFig.2.11 Sample layouts of a CMOS NAND2 gate and a CMOS NOR2 gate [WAE]  \n4  \nComplex CMOS Logic Gate Design  \nThe design steps for a more complex CMOS logic, for example AOI22, are the following:  \nFirst, construct a logic graph of the schematic (Fig.2.12 (a)) us","cbCairuAHKtAd2YH","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCairuAHKtAd2YH","pdf",94996,13,"English","# Layout Design Examples\n## Stick Diagrams and CMOS Inverter Layout\n## Design Rule Constraints and Minimum-Size Transistors\n## Sample Layouts: NAND2 and NOR2\n## Complex CMOS Logic Gate Design\n## Layout Considerations\n### Device Sizing","[{\"question\":\"What is the purpose of a stick diagram in layout design?\",\"answer\":\"A stick diagram provides understanding of topological constraints and lets designers quickly test layout possibilities without drawing a full mask layout. It can be easily modified and helps anticipate and avoid problems when laying out the circuit.\"},{\"question\":\"How are minimum-size inverter dimensions determined from design rules?\",\"answer\":\"The active-area width is set by the minimum diffusion contact size and spacing to active edges. The polysilicon gate width uses the minimum poly width, and the overall active length follows from the sum of minimum poly width plus spacing terms, as specified by design rules.\"},{\"question\":\"What steps are used to design a more complex CMOS logic gate such as AOI22?\",\"answer\":\"First, construct a logic graph by uniquely naming transistors and connections. Next, compute Euler paths for the pull-up and pull-down networks and ensure they match. Finally, draw the stick diagram and then the final layout.\"}]","Layout Design Examples - CMOS Inverter and CMOS Logic Gate Layout | PDF",33]